A unified framework refers to a comprehensive, integrated model or system that combines multiple methods, tools, or perspectives into a coherent structure for solving a complex problem or performing a task.

• Integration: Brings together diverse components (e.g., algorithms, anatomical landmarks, data sources) into a single workflow.
• Consistency: Aims to standardize procedures across subjects, datasets, or use cases.
• Scalability: Intended to apply to multiple situations, populations, or pathologies.
• Flexibility: Can adapt to different inputs or clinical scenarios.

• Based on validated components with proven interoperability.
• Demonstrates clear added value compared to isolated techniques.
• Provides reproducible results and has been tested across settings.

• Used to rebrand a collection of loosely connected steps without genuine integration.
• Claimed as “unified” despite being tested on a narrow or trivial sample (e.g. 4 patients).
• Lacks standardization, validation, or clinical translation.