Transethmoidal approach

• A Systematic Classification of Surgical Approaches for the Sphenoid Sinus: Establishing a Standardized Nomenclature for Endoscopic Sphenoid Sinus Surgery
• Navigation-guided orbital medial wall fracture reconstruction
• A recent algorithm for management of orbital floor fractures with the application of a novel minimally invasive endoscopic surgery
• Immunoglobulin D-Lambda Multiple Myeloma Initially Presenting in the Sphenoid Sinus, Orbital Apex, and Skull Base: A Systematic Review with a Case Report
• Endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy: impact of long-standing disease on surgical outcomes
• Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Optic Canal Dural Metastasis in a Patient with Progressive Visual Dysfunction: A Case Report
• Pediatric Congenital Anterior Skull Base Encephaloceles and Surgical Management: A Comparative Review of 22 Patients Treated Transnasally, Transcranially, or Combined Approach With a Review of the Literature
• A New Perspective on the Cavernous Sinus as Seen through Multiple Surgical Corridors: Anatomical Study Comparing the Transorbital, Endonasal, and Transcranial Routes and the Relative Coterminous Spatial Regions

Optic nerve decompression has been advocated for indirect optic nerve injury; however, the results are not clearly better than expectant management with the exception that documented delayed visual loss appears to be a strong indication for surgery.

Transethmoidal is the accepted route and is usually done within 1–3 weeks from the trauma. use of “megadose steroids” may be appropriate as an adjunct to diagnosis and treatment ¹⁾

Extended endoscopic endonasal approach transsphenoidal-transethmoidal

Endoscopic transethmoidal - transphenoidal - transpterygoid approach

• Hajek and Hirsch: Otolaryngology Pioneers of Endonasal Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery
• Extended endoscopic endonasal approach to the ventral skull base lesions
• Giovanni Verga (1879-1923), author of a pioneering treatise on pituitary surgery: the foundations of this new field in Europe in the early 1900s
• How I do it: the mononostril endonasal transethmoidal-paraseptal approach
• Expanded Endonasal Endoscopic Approach for Resection of an Infrasellar Craniopharyngioma
• Endoscopic endonasal approaches to the cavernous sinus
• Could transcranial endoscopy represent an alternative to craniotomy in skull base surgery?
• Endoscopic image-guided transethmoid pituitary surgery