Trauma
Classification
Got it! Here's a general overview of trauma classification in English, followed by specific classification systems used in various types of trauma:
🩺 **General Trauma Classification
### 1. By Mechanism of Injury
- Blunt trauma: caused by impact without skin penetration (e.g. car accidents, falls) - Penetrating trauma: caused by an object piercing the body (e.g. gunshot, stabbing) - Blast trauma: injury from explosions, often with combined mechanisms
### 2. By Anatomical Region - Head trauma - Spinal trauma - Thoracic trauma - Abdominal trauma - Pelvic trauma - Extremity trauma - Facial trauma
### 3. By Severity - Minor trauma
- Moderate
- Severe
- Polytrauma: injury to multiple body regions or organ systems, life-threatening
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## 🧠 Specific Trauma Classifications
### ▶️ Head Trauma / TBI - Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS):
- Mild (GCS 13–15)
- Moderate (GCS 9–12)
- Severe (GCS ≤8)
- Marshall CT Classification (based on CT findings for TBI prognosis)
### ▶️ Spinal Cord Injury - ASIA Impairment Scale (A–E): assesses motor/sensory function - Denis 3-Column Model: used to classify spinal stability
### ▶️ Fractures - AO/OTA Classification: comprehensive system for fracture type and location - Gustilo-Anderson Classification (for open fractures):
- Type I: Clean wound <1 cm
- Type II: Wound >1 cm without extensive soft-tissue damage
- Type III (A, B, C): Extensive damage, contamination, vascular injury
### ▶️ Facial Trauma - Le Fort Classification:
- I: Horizontal maxillary fracture
- II: Pyramidal fracture
- III: Craniofacial disjunction
### ▶️ Chest Trauma - Classified as penetrating or blunt - Consider presence of pneumothorax, hemothorax, flail chest, cardiac tamponade, etc.
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Trauma is the leading cause of death in people younger than 45 years and Traumatic brain injury is the main cause of trauma mortality.
see Neurotrauma.