Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage treatment

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage guidelines

A narrative review describes the major consequences of ICH and provides evidence-based recommendations to support decision-making in medical management ¹⁾.

Acute blood pressure management has been shown to be safe in the setting of acute ICH but there was no reduction in mortality with early blood pressure (BP) lowering, but uncertainty persists over whether potential benefits and harms vary according to the magnitude of BP reduction ²⁾.

The results of the targeted temperature management after intracerebral hemorrhage clinical trial may provide additional information on the applicability of targeted temperature management after intracerebral hemorrhage ³⁾.

see Intracerebral hemorrhage medical treatment.

see Intracerebral hemorrhage surgery.

see Intracerebral hemorrhage treatment randomized controlled trials.

Although several studies have been conducted in recent years, the optimal treatment for improving outcome in spontaneous ICH patients is still unclear ^{4) 5) 6) 7)}.

Recent clinical trials examining hemostatic therapy, blood pressure control, and hematoma evacuation have advanced our understanding of ICH management. Timely and aggressive management in the acute phase may mitigate secondary brain injury. The initial management should include: initial medical stabilization; rapid, accurate neuroimaging to establish the diagnosis and elucidate an etiology; standardized neurologic assessment to determine baseline severity; prevention of hematoma expansion (blood pressure management and reversal of coagulopathy); consideration of early surgical intervention; and prevention of secondary brain injury ⁸⁾.

The choice of surgical or conservative treatment for patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is controversial.

The Second Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Trial (INTERACT 2) study, demonstrated better functional outcomes with no harm for patients with acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) within 6 h of onset who received target-driven, early intensive BP lowering (systolic BP target <140 mmHg within 1 h, continued for 7 days) and suggested that greater and faster reduction in BP might enhance the treatment effect by limiting hematoma growth.

Optimal recovery from intracerebral hemorrhage was observed in hypertensive patients who achieved the greatest SBP reductions (≥20 mm Hg) in the first hour and maintained for 7 days ⁹⁾.