Scores

J.Sales-Llopis

Neurosurgery Department, General University Hospital Alicante, Spain

Now more than ever, we need simple, reliable, and reproducible scores, grades, and classifications to assist us in the surgical decision making, to assess patients' clinical evolution, and to conduct proper neurosurgical research.

Beucler conducted a three stage scoping review: (1) identification of sections of interest: brain trauma, tumor, vascular, infection, stroke, functional outcome (2) identification of the most common diseases within each section, (3) they retained every score, scale, classification that is internationally recognized and/or highly cited and/or used daily in clinical practice or research setting and/or that is currently used by the author.

23 scores were retained.

They provide a non-exhaustive list of 23 reference scales, scores, and classifications that can be safely used for cranial neurosurgery clinical practice and research ¹⁾

Glasgow coma scale (1974), Glasgow Liège scale (1982), SHE score (2019), RASH score (2022).

Karnofsky Performance status (1948), Graded Prognostic Assessment (2008), Simpson Grading System (1957), Sindou Grading System (2006), House-Brackmann score (1983), Koos grading scale (1993), Knosp Grade (1993).

PHASES score (2014), Unruptured intracranial aneurysm treatment score (2015), Hunt and Hess Stroke Scale (1968), Fisher scale (1980), World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grading for subarachnoid hemorrhage (1988), Spetzler-Martin AVM grading system (1986), Borden classification (1995), Cognard classification (1995), Zabramski classification (1995).

ICH score (2001), NIHSS (1989).

Modified Rankin Scale (1957).

The utility of grading scales lies in the simplification of complex management decisions into an algorithm for which certain characteristics of patient and lesion may be correlated with treatment outcomes.

An ideal scale or score should be one that is quantifiable, valid, sensitive, responsive and easy to perform, has high inter/intra-rater reliability, internal consistency and a suitable distribution, and is one-dimensional and relevant.

https://www.mdcalc.com/calc/10043/hamilton-depression-rating-scale-ham-d

Cerebral Performance Category Neurol outcome after cardiac arrest

Children's Coma Scale Consciousness in children < 4y

FOUR Full Outline of UnResponsiveness Score

Glasgow Coma Scale Consciousness levels (EMV score)

RASS Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale

Ramsey Sedation Scale Sedation score for ICU

Developmental ETV success score Hydrocephalus

Galassi classification Arachnoid cysts

ILAE FCD classification Focal cortical dysplasias

Palmini classification Focal cortical dysplasias

Pang classification Diastematomyelia

Bluemcke classification Mesial temporal sclerosis

Engel class Epilepsy surgery outcome

ILAE epilepsy surgery Seizure outcome

Wyler scale Hippocampal sclerosis

APACHE

ACC / AHA staging system Heart failure

ASA class Presurgical condition for anesthesia

BNI Facial Numbness Scale Facial numbness (trigeminal nerve)

BNI Pain Intensity Score Facial pain (trigeminal nerve)

GOLD criteria COPD severity

Glasgow Outcome Scale Outcome after severe brain damage

Hoehn & Yahr Parkinson's disease staging

Karnofsky Clinical performance status

LeFort fractures Maxillary fractures

Mallampati Oral anatomy for intubation

McGill Pain Score General pain assessment

NYHA classification Heart failure

Steinbrocker's grade Functional disability in rheuma

MRC staging Tuberculosis meningitis

ASIA impairment scale Impairment in spinal cord injury

EDSS Multiple sclerosis

Frankel grade Spinal cord function

House-Brackmann Facial nerve function

MRC scale Scoring of muscle strength

Modified Ashworth scale Assessment of spasticity

Penn spasm frequency scale Spasticity assessment

Spasm frequency score Spasticity assessment

Tardieu scale Assessment of spasticity

Peripheral nerves

Gilbert shoulder classification Brachial plexus injury

Mallet classification Recovery after brachial plexus injury

McGowan classification Ulnar nerve injury

Seddon Sunderland classification Nerve injury

Anand classification Thoracic disc disease

Brice-McKissock classification Spinal cord function with spine mets

Myelopathy Disability Index

Macnab criteria Spinal instability

MacNab scale score

Modic classification Vertebral endplate and marrow changes

Nurick scale Cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Ranawat classification Cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Roussouly classification Lumbar lordosis

Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS)

SRS-Schwab classification Adult spinal deformity

White-Panjabi classification Spinal instability

Abbrev'd Injury Scale (AIS) Scoring items for ISS

Adams DAI grades Diffuse Axonal Injury

Injury Severity Score (ISS) Overall score for multitrauma

Marshall classification CT abnormalities in brain trauma

Papilledema grades Funduscopy findings

Rotterdam CT score CT abnormalities in brain trauma

Neurotrauma pediatric scales.

Anderson-D'Alonzo C2 (odontoid) fractures

Anderson-Montesano classification Occipital condyle fractures

Benzel classification C2 body fractures

Canadian C-Spine Rule Indication for posttraumatic C-spine radiography

Denis classification Sacral injuries

Fielding-Hawkins classification Atlanto-axial instability

Levine-Edwards C2-C3 traumatic spondylolisthesis (Hangman's #)

AOSpine thoracolumbar spine injury classification system Thoracolumbar spine trauma

NEXUS Posttraumatic C-spine radiography

Power's ratio Atlanto-occipital dislocation

Rule of Spence C1 (Jefferson) fractures

SLICS Subaxial cervical spine injury

TLICS Thoracolumbar spine injury

Traynelis classification Atlanto-occipital dislocation

Tuli C0 (occipital condylar) fractures

Berger-Sanai classification Insular glioma

CLASS scale Meningioma surgery

Chang score Cerebellar medulloblastoma

Fisch classification Glomus jugulare tumors (temporal)

Glasscock-Jackon classification Glomus jugulare tumors

Kadish stages Aesthesioneuroblastoma prognosis

Kassam classification Craniopharyngioma endonasal approach

McCormick classification Intramedullary spinal cord tumors

Modified Jackson Glomus tumors classification

Pignatti score Low-grade glioma survival prognosis

Play-performance scale Clinical performance in childhood cancer

Simpson grade Extent of surgical meningeoma resection

Wilson-Hardy classification pituitary neuroendocrine tumor

Enneking classification Primary spinal tumors

GSTSG classification Metastatic spine tumor

Harrington classification Metastatic spine tumor description

McLain-Weinstein classification Metastatic spine tumors

Modifed Bauer score Metastatic spine tumor prognosis

Patchell criteria Metastatic epidural spinal cord compression

SINS Spine Instability Neoplastic Score

Tokuhashi score Metastatic spine tumor prognosis

Tomita score Surgical strategy for spinal metastases

Van der Linden score Metastatic spine tumor prognosis

Weinstein Boriani Biagini classification Metastatic spine tumor

ABCD2 score Stroke risk after TIA

ASPECTS score CT ischemic hypodensity

Barthel Index Basic activity performance after stroke

Blunt carotid artery injury Stroke prediction

Borden classification Dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVF)

Borden classification Spinal dural AVF

CHA2DS2-VASc score Stroke risk in atrial fibrillation

CHADS2 score Stroke risk for nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation

Cognard classification Dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVF)

Debrun classification Carotid cavernous fistula

DiChiro-Dopmann classification Spinal dural AVF

Fisher scale CT-based vasospasm risk after SAH

Graeb score Intraventricular hematoma

HAS-BLED Risk for major bleeding in AF

Hijdra score Amount of blood on CT after SAH

Hunt and Hess Stroke Scale Subarachnoid hemorrhage

ICH score Risk stratification for intracerebral hematoma

IVH score Intraventricular hematoma

Lasjaunias classification Vein of Galen malformations

LeRoux score Intraventricular hematoma

MGH (Ogilvy) grade Outcome after aneurysm treatment

Markwalder grading score Chronic subdural hematoma

Modified Fisher scale Symptomatic vasospasm

Modified Rankin Scale Disability scale after stroke

NIHSS Stroke severity

PHASES score 5yr aneurysm rupture

Papile-Burstein classification Intraventricular hemorrhage

Pollock-Flickinger score AVM grading for radiosurgery

Spetzler-Martin AVM grading system (1986)

Spetzler-Ponce classification AVM grading and treatment (2010)

WFNS SAH grading Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Yasargil classification Vein of Galen malformations

Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale

Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale.

http://neurodss.com