Overreliance refers to the excessive or unjustified dependence on a tool, technology, or method, often at the expense of critical thinking, professional judgment, or alternative approaches. It can lead to diminished adaptability, reduced vigilance, or inappropriate application in complex situations.

In neurosurgery, overreliance may manifest as:

• Blind trust in 3D virtual reality or 3D printed models without cross-verifying with traditional 2D imaging or intraoperative findings
• Neglecting clinical reasoning in favor of algorithmic or simulation-based outputs
• Assuming that enhanced realism inherently improves surgical outcomes

Overreliance on unvalidated technologies may compromise patient safety and create a false sense of preparedness. Proper integration requires maintaining a balance between innovation and evidence-based practice.