Patient safety refers to the prevention of errors and adverse effects associated with healthcare, aiming to minimize risks and harm to patients during medical care. It encompasses safe practices, systems, and protocols designed to protect patients from avoidable injury, complications, or death.

In neurosurgery, patient safety is particularly critical due to the high-risk nature of procedures involving the brain, spinal cord, and nervous system. Factors such as precise preoperative planning, accurate imaging, and the use of advanced technologies like 3D virtual reality and 3D printing contribute to enhanced patient safety by improving surgical accuracy and reducing complications.