Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire

Neurogenic Claudication Outcome Score (NCOS)

Stenosis bothersomeness index (SBI)

The Stenosis Ratio (SR)

The Self–Paced Walking Test (SPWT)

History

Visual analog scale (VAS) of leg pain/numbness

Pain intensity numerical rating scale (PI-NRS)

Radiological examination

Diameters of the spinal canal, dural sac cross-sectional area (CT, MRI and/or myelo-CT)

Neurological examination

Neurological impairment score in lumbar spinal stenosis (NIS-LSS)

Neuromuscular impairment index (NMI)

Straight leg raising

Spinal range of motion

Treadmill walking test

Generic self-reported level of health status

Sickness Impact Profile (SIP)

Medical Outcomes Survey 36-item short form (SF-36)

Disease-specific self-reported level of health status (for patients with low back pain)

Oswestry disability index (ODI)

Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ)

General Function Score (GFS)

Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale

Waddell Disability Index

Condition-specific self-reported level of health status (for patients with LSS)

Swiss Spinal Stenosis Score (SSS)

Beaujon Scoring System

Oxford Claudication Score

Self-reported satisfaction with treatment

Swiss Spinal Stenosis Score (SSS) – patient satisfaction scale