Lumbar central canal spinal stenosis

Lumbar central canal spinal stenosis (LCCSS) can be defined as a change in the shape of the lumbar dural sac and central canal to triangles or flattened ovals ¹⁾ ²⁾ , the spinal canal narrowing caused by arthrosis of the facet joint, mechanical lumbar nerve root compression, and obliteration of cerebrospinal fluid on axial images ³⁾ ⁴⁾.

It is a multifactorial pathological disorder of the concentrically narrowed spinal canal ⁵⁾ ⁶⁾ ⁷⁾ ⁸⁾.

There are also no universally accepted radiographic definitions for the diagnosis of central, lateral recess, and foraminal stenosis.

It is the most common cause of disability in elderly and middle-aged patients ⁹⁾ ¹⁰⁾ , with a prevalence of 27.2% ¹¹⁾ ¹²⁾ ¹³⁾.

LCCSS typically causes bilateral or unilateral buttock pain, neurogenic intermittent claudication, and lower extremity heaviness, numbness, weakness, and pain ¹⁴⁾ ¹⁵⁾.

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Yuan S, Zou Y, Li Y, et al. A clinically relevant MRI grading system for lumbar central canal stenosis. Clin Imaging 2016;40:1140–5.

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Lin SI, Lin RM, Huang LW. Disability in patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006;87:1250–6.

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Haig AJ, Tomkins CC. Diagnosis and management of lumbar spinal stenosis. JAMA 2010;303:71–2.

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Park CH, Lee SH, Jung JY. Dural sac cross-sectional area does not correlate with efficacy of percutaneous adhesiolysis in single level lumbar spinal stenosis. Pain Physician 2011;14:377–82.

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Hughes A, Makirov SK, Osadchiy V. Measuring spinal canal size in lumbar spinal stenosis: description of method and preliminary results. Int J Spine Surg 2015;9:3.

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Kalichman L, Cole R, Kim DH, et al. Spinal stenosis prevalence and association with symptoms: the Framingham Study. Spine J 2009;9:545–50.

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Manchikanti L, Kaye AD, Manchikanti K, et al. Efficacy of epidural injections in the treatment of lumbar central spinal stenosis: a systematic review. Anesth Pain Med 2015;5:e23139.

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Park CH, Lee SH. Effectiveness of percutaneous transforaminal adhesiolysis in patients with lumbar neuroforaminal spinal stenosis. Pain Physician 2013;16:E37–43.

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Kalichman L, Cole R, Kim DH, Li L, Suri P, Guermazi A, Hunter DJ. Spinal ste - nosis prevalence and association with symptoms: The Framingham Study. Spine J 2009; 9:545-550.

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Haig AJ, Tomkins CC. Diagnosis and management of lumbar spinal stenosis. JAMA 2010; 303:71-72. 3.

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Manchikanti L, Kaye AD, Manchikanti K, Boswell M, Pampati V, Hirsch J. Efficacy of epidural injections in the treatment of lumbar central spinal stenosis: A sys - tematic review. Anesth Pain Med 2015; 5:e23139

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Manchikanti L, Cash KA, McManus CD, et al. A randomized, double-blind controlled trial of lumbar interlaminar epidural injections in central spinal stenosis: 2-year follow-up. Pain Physician 2015;18:79–92.