Lipidome
The lipidome refers to the totality of lipids in cells. Lipids are one of the four major molecular components of biological organisms, along with proteins, sugars and nucleic acids. Lipidome is a term coined in the context of omics in modern biology, within the field of lipidomics.
Solid tumors are characterized by global metabolic alterations which contribute to their growth and progression. Altered gene expression profiles and plasma lipid composition suggested a role for metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. However, a conclusive picture of CRC-associated lipidome alterations in the tumor tissue has not emerged. Here, we determined molar abundances of 342 species from 20 lipid classes in matched biopsies of CRC and adjacent normal mucosa. We demonstrate that in contrast to previous reports, CRC shows a largely preserved lipidome composition that resembles that of normal colonic mucosa. Important exceptions include increased levels of lyso-phosphatidylinositols in CRC and reduced abundance of ether phospholipids in advanced stages of CRC. As such, our observations challenge the concept of widespread alterations in lipid metabolism in CRC and rather suggest changes in the cellular lipid profile that are limited to selected lipids involved in signaling and the scavenging of reactive oxygen species. 1).
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2: Vantaku V, Dong J, Ambati CR, Perera D, Donepudi SR, Amara CS, Putluri V, Ravi SS, Robertson MJ, Piyarathna DWB, Villanueva M, von Rundstedt FC, Karanam B, Ballester LY, Terris MK, Bollag RJ, Lerner SP, Apolo AB, Villanueva H, Lee M, Sikora AG, Lotan Y, Sreekumar A, Coarfa C, Putluri N. Multi-omics Integration Analysis Robustly Predicts High-Grade Patient Survival and Identifies CPT1B Effect on Fatty Acid Metabolism in Bladder Cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2019 Jun 15;25(12):3689-3701. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-1515. Epub 2019 Mar 7. PubMed PMID: 30846479; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6571061.
3: Lai YH, Liu H, Chiang WF, Chen TW, Chu LJ, Yu JS, Chen SJ, Chen HC, Tan BC. MiR-31-5p-ACOX1 Axis Enhances Tumorigenic Fitness in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Via the Promigratory Prostaglandin E2. Theranostics. 2018 Jan 1;8(2):486-504. doi: 10.7150/thno.22059. eCollection 2018. PubMed PMID: 29290822; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5743562.
4: Bird SS, Marur VR, Stavrovskaya IG, Kristal BS. Qualitative Characterization of the Rat Liver Mitochondrial Lipidome using LC-MS Profiling and High Energy Collisional Dissociation (HCD) All Ion Fragmentation. Metabolomics. 2013 Mar;9(1 Suppl):67-83. PubMed PMID: 23646040; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3640281.
5: Gopalakrishnan G, Awasthi A, Belkaid W, De Faria O Jr, Liazoghli D, Colman DR, Dhaunchak AS. Lipidome and proteome map of myelin membranes. J Neurosci Res. 2013 Mar;91(3):321-34. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23157. Epub 2012 Nov 27. PubMed PMID: 23325434.