Electrode array

An electrode array is a configuration of electrodes used for measuring either an electric current or voltage. Some electrode arrays can operate in a bidirectional fashion, in that they can also be used to provide a stimulating pattern of electric current or voltage.

Chiang et al. described the development, validation, and dissemination of flexible, high-resolution, thin-film electrodes for recording neural activity in animals and humans.

They leveraged standard flexible printed-circuit manufacturing processes to build high-resolution TF electrode arrays. They used biocompatible materials to form the substrate (liquid-crystal polymer; LCP), metals (Au, PtIr, and Pd), molding (medical-grade silicone), and 3D-printed housing (nylon). They designed a custom, miniaturized, digitizing headstage to reduce the number of cables required to connect to the acquisition system and reduce the distance between the electrodes and the amplifiers. A custom mechanical system enabled the electrodes and headstages to be pre-assembled prior to sterilization, minimizing the setup time required in the operating room. PtIr electrode coatings lowered impedance and enabled stimulation. High-volume, commercial manufacturing enables cost-effective production of LCP-TF electrodes in large quantities.

The LCP-TF arrays achieve 25× higher electrode density, 20× higher channel count, and 11× reduced stiffness than conventional clinical electrodes. They validated this LCP-TF electrode in multiple human intraoperative recording sessions and have disseminated this technology to >10 research groups. Using these arrays, they observed high-frequency neural activity with sub-millimeter resolution.

This LCP-TF electrodes will advance human neuroscience research and improve clinical care by enabling broad access to transformative, high-resolution electrode arrays ¹⁾