Dysbiosis

Dysbiosis is a term used to describe an imbalance in the microbial communities that live in and on the body, particularly the gut microbiota. It refers to a situation where there is an overgrowth or undergrowth of certain types of microorganisms, which can lead to negative health outcomes. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome has been linked to various health conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, obesity, and even neurological disorders like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. The causes of dysbiosis can include dietary factors, antibiotic use, stress, and other environmental factors.

The systemic inflammation response to the ischemic stroke, followed by immunosuppression in focal neurologic deficits and other inflammatory damage, reduces the circulating immune cell counts and multiorgan infectious complications such as intestinal and gut dysfunction dysbiosis. Evidence showed that microbiota dysbiosis plays a role in neuroinflammation and peripheral immune response after stroke, changing the lymphocyte populations. Multiple immune cells, including lymphocytes, engage in complex and dynamic immune responses in all stages of stroke and may be a pivotal moderator in the bidirectional immunomodulation between ischemic stroke and gut microbiota ¹⁾.