Cervical spine injury classification

Cervical spine injury classification systems should be simple, easy to relate and remember reliable guide for surgical planning, and predictor of outcome in clinical settings.

Cervical spine fractures can be described based on the level involved and typically divided into three groups:

Atlas fracture, Axis fracture and the subaxial cervical spine injury (C3 to C7) ¹⁾.

Occipitoatlantoaxial injury

Atlanto-axial subluxation

Combination C1 C2 injury

Subaxial cervical spine fracture

Sports-related cervical spine injury.

Upper cervical spine fracture

see Cervical spinal cord injury.

Clinically significant cervical spine injury caused as a result of penetrating trauma are rare.

see Penetrating neck trauma.

see Pediatric cervical spine injury.

Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification.

AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System.

Subaxial Injury Classification and Severity Scale.