Anterior spinal artery aneurysm case reports

A 53-year-old woman, with a history of Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and secondary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Deep-Vein Thrombosis and ischemic colitis, left hemicolectomy. On treatment with oral prednisone, IV belimumab (last dose March 2020), Hydroxychloroquine, Acenocoumarol.

She developed acute onset of epigastralgia due to possible intestinal vasculitis, began treatment with corticosteroids, without improvement in abdominal pain.

The patient started with headache and was diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

A 64-year-old man presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage from a ruptured anterior spinal artery aneurysm at the C1 level. Following initial conservative management, surgical treatment was proposed owing to an increase in lesion size at angiographic follow-up. A partially thrombosed aneurysm was found during surgery, suggesting that spontaneous resolution of the aneurysm was occurring. Despite initial worsening of neurological symptoms, the patient gradually recovered after rehabilitation.

Conclusions: Treatment decisions for spinal aneurysms should be made on a case-by-case basis, the goal being to offer the patient the best option, while avoiding exposure to unnecessary invasive procedures. As spontaneous resolution of a spinal artery aneurysm is unpredictable, our case highlights the importance of performing a perioperative vascular study if surgery is planned.

Cobb et al. presented the first case to date of a ruptured anterior spinal artery aneurysm with clinical and radiographic progression treated with Onyx embolization. THe patient was unique in the presentation with acute onset of spinal cord injury American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale B and an extensive thoracolumbar spinal subdural hematoma.

An emergent skip-level laminectomy and subdural decompression were performed with no improvement in examination. This was followed by progressive radiographic enlargement of the aneurysm, treated successfully with Onyx embolization.

They analyzed this case and review the literature on thoracic anterior spinal artery and artery of Adamkiewicz aneurysms ¹⁾.

A 77-year-old patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage had a dural arteriovenous fistula located at the C1-C2 level. Left vertebral angiography showed a fistula between the left C2 radiculomeningeal artery and perivertebral plexus. Furthermore, right vertebral angiography showed a ruptured aneurysm at the aberrant branch of the anterior spinal artery originating from the contralateral vertebral artery (VA), possibly formed because of the concurrently increased pressure of the perimedullary veins. Aneurysm extirpation was planned through a posterolateral approach. To reduce venous bleeding during the approach, preoperative embolization of the radiculomeningeal muscular artery was performed. During surgery, the suboccipital triangle was exposed following layer-by-layer dissection of the suboccipital muscles.

Subperiosteal dissection of the paravertebral plexus surrounding the VA around the C1 lamina was effective to avoid venous bleeding. A bloodless operative field was achieved, and key anatomical structures, such as the C2 nerve root, feeder, and V3 portion of the left VA, were clearly identified. With a sufficient amount of lateral exposure, the ruptured anterior spinal artery aneurysm was successfully extirpated with bipolar coagulation. The patient was discharged with no neurologic deficit.

Controlling extradural venous congestion is essential to obtain a clear operative field in cases of arteriovenous shunt disease at the craniovertebral junction. The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/fCT69WtAQbo . ²⁾.

---

A patient with polyarteritis nodosa and spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage following rupture of an anterior spinal artery aneurysm. Following operative washout and decompression of the subarachnoid hemorrhage, spinal digital subtraction angiography was performed and revealed intimal contour irregularities, stenotic changes, and multiple small aneurysms in renal, hepatic, and bronchial arteries and some proximal spinal arteries, and, most notably, a pseudoaneurysm of the anterior spinal artery supplied directly by the artery of Adamkiewicz. Polyarteritis nodosa was subsequently diagnosed in light of these findings. Though previous cases have noted spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage in of the context of polyarteritis nodosa, they found no previously documented case of a definitive aneurysm of the anterior spinal artery in a case of polyarteritis nodosa documented on angiography. This case highlights the potential importance of monitoring for aneurysms of the spinal vasculature in cases of polyarteritis nodosa and in screening for vasculitides in cases of spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Future studies are needed to describe patterns of the specific anatomic localization and incidence of spinal artery aneurysms in polyarteritis nodosa ³⁾.

---

A 78-year-old man with a craniocervical junction epidural arteriovenous fistula who presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage from a ruptured anterior spinal artery (ASA) aneurysm. Because endovascular embolization was difficult, a posterolateral approach was chosen and a novel endoscopic fluorescence imaging system was utilized to clip the aneurysm. The fluorescence imaging system provided clear and magnified views of the ventral spinal cord simultaneously with the endoscope-integrated indocyanine green videoangiography, which helped safely obliterate the ASA aneurysm. With the aid of this novel imaging system, surgeons can appreciate and manipulate complex vascular pathologies of the ventral spinal cord through a posterolateral approach, even when the lesion is closely related to the ASA ⁴⁾.

Ruptured Fusiform Aneurysm of the Anterior Spinal Artery : Successful Treatment with Flow Diverter Stent Placed in the Feeding Vertebral Artery ⁵⁾.

Isolated aneurysms of spinal arteries are rare. Spinal artery aneurysms are commonly found in association with spinal arteriovenous malformation and coarctation of the aorta and rarely with aortic arch interruption and Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. Spinal angiograms are the gold standard for diagnosing these spinal artery aneurysms but with the advances in computed tomography technology these aneurysms can also be very well demonstrated in computed tomography angiograms. Sing et al. described three cases of anterior spinal artery aneurysm, those are flow related aneurysms, associated with coarctation of aorta and with Takayasu's arteritis ⁶⁾.

---

Anterior spinal artery aneurysms (ASAA) are extremely rare. While these aneurysms are very well known to cause spinal subarachnoid haemorrhage/hematomyelia secondary to sudden rupture, presentation with chronic myelopathy remains extremely rare.

A 50-year-old gentleman presented with chronic upper thoracic myelopathy for 1 year. MRI of the dorsal spine revealed an intradural T2 hypointense mass with prominent vessels at T1 level. During intra-arterial angiography, accidental diagnosis of a co-existent co-arctation of the aorta was made. The intradural spinal mass turned out to be a giant, partially thrombosed ASA aneurysm on angiography. This patient underwent surgical clipping of the aneurysm utilizing a posterolateral approach. The patient experienced a stormy early postoperative period due to acute renal failure and pulmonary edema that settled down by the time of discharge.

ASAA remains an extremely rare cause of compressive myelopathy. Its association with co-arctation of aorta increases treatment related mortality. Posterolateral approach provides a good exposure of the aneurysm for surgical clipping with minimal retraction of the cord ⁷⁾.

Two cases presenting with spinal subarachnoid haemorrhage that underwent conservative management. In the first patient the radiculomedullary branch involved was feeding the anterior spinal artery at the level of D3 and thus, neither endovascular nor surgical approach was employed. Control angiography was performed at seven days and at three months, demonstrating complete resolution of the lesion. In our second case, neither the anterior spinal artery or the artery of Adamkiewicz could be identified during angiography, thus endovascular management was deemed contraindicated. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a stable lesion in the second patient. No rebleeding or other complications were seen. In comparison to intracranial aneurysms, spinal artery aneurysms tend to display a fusiform appearance and lack a clear neck in relation to the likely dissecting nature of the lesions. Due to the small number of cases reported, the natural history of these lesions is not well known making it difficult to establish the optimal treatment approach. Various management strategies may be supported, including surgical and endovascular treatment, but It would seem that a wait and see approach is also viable, with control angiogram and treatment decisions based on the evolution of the lesion. ⁸⁾.

A 12-year-old boy with spinal cord arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and an associated anterior spinal artery (ASA) aneurysm treated with selective coil placement in the context of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The patient presented with headache. Head computed tomography scanning revealed no abnormal findings. The cerebrospinal fluid was sampled and analyzed and a diagnosis of SAH was established. Investigation, including magnetic resonance imaging of the cord as well as cerebral and spinal angiography, revealed a conus medullaris AVM and a saccular aneurysm located on the ASA at the T-11 level. The aneurysm was thought to be responsible for the bleeding. Superselective ASA angiography showed that the aneurysm was at the bifurcation between a large coronal artery supplying the AVM and the ASA. The relation of the aneurysm's neck to the main spinal axis and the aneurysm's morphological features indicated that the lesion was suited for endosaccular coil therapy. The aneurysm was selectively occluded, using electrodetachable bare platinum coils. Follow-up angiography immediately after surgery and at 6 months thereafter demonstrated complete occlusion of the aneurysm and a perfectly patent anterior spinal axis. On clinical follow-up examination, the patient remained neurologically intact. When the morphological features of a spinal aneurysm and its relation with the anterior spinal axis are favorable, selective endosaccular coil placement can successfully be achieved ⁹⁾.

A 42-year-old man with a ruptured anterior spinal artery aneurysm is presented here. He experienced subarachnoid hemorrhage, which was confirmed by computed tomography. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an aneurysm in front of the upper part of the medulla. Angiography demonstrated bilateral vertebral artery occlusion. Distal vertebral arteries and the basilar artery were perfused via the dilated anterior spinal artery, which originates in the right subclavian artery. The aneurysm was located at the distal part of the anterior spinal artery, and was successfully clipped through a lateral suboccipital craniotomy 2 months after bleeding from the aneurysm. After rehabilitation, the patient was able to walk with no apparent neurologic deficit.

This case suggests that the anterior spinal artery as a collateral route after bilateral vertebral artery occlusion is under hemodynamic stress, resulting in aneurysm formation and rupture ¹⁰⁾.

A woman who presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to a ruptured anterior spinal artery aneurysm of the spinal cord is reported. While this is the first report of a ruptured aneurysm of the anterior spinal artery with angiographic confirmation, it emphasizes that occasionally subarachnoid hemorrhage may be secondary to ruptured spinal artery aneurysms ¹¹⁾.

---

11: Turrini A, D'Andrea M, Antonelli V, Tosatto L. Ruptured Isolated Aneurysm of a Coronal Branch of the Anterior Spinal Artery: Case Report and Discussion of Treatment Strategies. World Neurosurg. 2021 Jan;145:119-126. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.09.046. Epub 2020 Sep 16. PMID: 32949802.

12: Roka YB. Isolated cervical anterior spinal artery aneurysm: case report. Br J Neurosurg. 2019 Oct;33(5):568-569. doi: 10.1080/02688697.2017.1384790. Epub 2017 Oct 10. PMID: 28994317.

13: Gabrieli JD, Andreatta G, De Cassai A, Cester G, Causin F, Munari M. Anterior Spinal Artery Steal Syndrome Complicated by Ruptured Flow-Related Aneurysm of the Anterior Radiculomedullary Artery. World Neurosurg. 2020 Dec;144:185-191. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.195. Epub 2020 Sep 2. PMID: 32889198.

14: Gaudry M, Lagier D, Brige P, Frandon J, Rolland PH, Barral PA, Piquet P, Vidal V. Onyx Migration Into the Anterior Spinal Artery During Lumbar Artery Embolisation: an Adverse Event. EJVES Short Rep. 2018 May 17;39:20-23. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvssr.2018.04.001. PMID: 29988815; PMCID: PMC6033056.

15: Dmytriw AA, Kapadia A, Enriquez-Marulanda A, Parra-Fariñas C, Kühn AL, Nicholson PJ, Waqas M, Renieri L, Michelozzi C, Foreman PM, Phan K, Yang IH, Tutino VM, Ogilvy CS, Radovanovic I, Harrigan MR, Siddiqui AH, Levy EI, Limbucci N, Cognard C, Krings T, Pereira VM, Thomas AJ, Marotta TR, Griessenauer CJ. Vertebral artery aneurysms and the risk of cord infarction following spinal artery coverage during flow diversion. J Neurosurg. 2020 Mar 27:1-10. doi: 10.3171/2020.1.JNS193293. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32217800.

16: Kurokawa Y, Ikawa F, Hamasaki O, Hidaka T, Yonezawa U, Komiyama M. [A Case of Cervical Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistula with Extradural Drainage Presenting with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage due to a Ruptured Anterior Spinal Artery Aneurysm]. No Shinkei Geka. 2015 Sep;43(9):803-11. Japanese. doi: 10.11477/mf.1436203125. PMID: 26321694.

17: Ashour R, Filippidis A, Patel N. Ruptured Anterior Spinal Artery Aneurysm Associated with Bilateral Vertebral Artery Occlusion Treated by Surgical Clipping. World Neurosurg. 2015 Oct;84(4):1178.e11-3. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.06.010. Epub 2015 Jun 14. PMID: 26079782.

18: Martínez-Quintana E, Gil-Guillén C, Rodríguez-González F. Anterior spinal artery syndrome and aortic dissection. Cir Cir. 2019;87(4):466-469. English. doi: 10.24875/CIRU.18000357. PMID: 31264980.

19: Jiarakongmun P, Chewit P, Pongpech S. Ruptured anterior spinal artery aneurysm associated with coarctation of aorta. Case report and literature review. Interv Neuroradiol. 2002 Sep 30;8(3):285-92. doi: 10.1177/159101990200800308. Epub 2004 Oct 20. PMID: 20594486; PMCID: PMC3572481.

20: Aydin A. Mechanisms and prevention of anterior spinal artery syndrome following abdominal aortic surgery. Angiol Sosud Khir. 2015;21(1):155-64. English, Russian. PMID: 25757179.

21: Glauser G, Piazza M, Dimentberg R, Choudhri O. Clipping of a partially thrombosed giant PICA aneurysm associated with the anterior spinal artery. BMJ Case Rep. 2019 Oct 13;12(10):e232491. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2019-232491. PMID: 31611229; PMCID: PMC6803090.

22: Landriel F, Baccanelli M, Hem S, Vecchi E, Bendersky M, Yampolsky C. Intraoperative monitoring for spinal radiculomedullary artery aneurysm occlusion treatment: What, when, and how long? Surg Neurol Int. 2017 Sep 6;8:211. doi: 10.4103/sni.sni_385_16. PMID: 28966818; PMCID: PMC5609436.

23: N'da HA, Chenin L, Capel C, Havet E, Le Gars D, Peltier J. Microsurgical anatomy of the Adamkiewicz artery-anterior spinal artery junction. Surg Radiol Anat. 2016 Jul;38(5):563-7. doi: 10.1007/s00276-015-1596-3. Epub 2015 Dec 1. PMID: 26627692.

24: Sarto J, Semerano A, Moreno JL, Mayà-Casalprim G, Blasco J, Urra X. Spinal cord hemodynamic infarction after vertebral artery endovascular trapping despite preserved flow in the anterior spinal artery. J Spinal Cord Med. 2020 Jan 16:1-4. doi: 10.1080/10790268.2019.1706290. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 31944930.

25: Taterra D, Skinningsrud B, Pękala PA, Hsieh WC, Cirocchi R, Walocha JA, Tubbs RS, Tomaszewski KA, Henry BM. Artery of Adamkiewicz: a meta-analysis of anatomical characteristics. Neuroradiology. 2019 Aug;61(8):869-880. doi: 10.1007/s00234-019-02207-y. Epub 2019 Apr 27. PMID: 31030251; PMCID: PMC6620248.

26: Singh V, Naik S, Shetty GS, Phadke RV. Anterior spinal artery aneurysm in a case of Moyamoya disease. Acta Neurol Belg. 2016 Dec;116(4):663-665. doi: 10.1007/s13760-016-0612-7. Epub 2016 Feb 29. PMID: 26927604.

27: Polaczek M, Maslanka M, Skadorwa T, Ciszek B. How does Adamkiewicz artery influence blood supply to the fetal spinal cord? Ital J Anat Embryol. 2014;119(3):255-62. PMID: 26749686.

28: Nakagawa I, Park HS, Hironaka Y, Wada T, Kichikawa K, Nakase H. Cervical spinal epidural arteriovenous fistula with coexisting spinal anterior spinal artery aneurysm presenting as subarachnoid hemorrhage–case report. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2014 Nov-Dec;23(10):e461-e465. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.07.012. Epub 2014 Oct 3. PMID: 25284720.

29: Sueda T, Takahashi S. Spinal cord injury as a complication of thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair. Surg Today. 2018 May;48(5):473-477. doi: 10.1007/s00595-017-1588-5. Epub 2017 Sep 18. PMID: 28921013.

30: Lavoie P, Raymond J, Roy D, Guilbert F, Weill A. Selective treatment of an anterior spinal artery aneurysm with endosaccular coil therapy. Case report. J Neurosurg Spine. 2007 May;6(5):460-4. doi: 10.3171/spi.2007.6.5.460. PMID: 17542515.

31: Alpagut U, Dayioglu E. Anterior spinal artery syndrome after infrarenal abdominal aortic surgery. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 2002 Dec;43(6):865-8. PMID: 12483181.

32: Aljuboori Z, Ding D, Andaluz N. Occipital Artery to Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA) Bypass for Treatment of a Ruptured Proximal AICA- Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Mycotic Aneurysm. World Neurosurg. 2020 Oct;142:176-178. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.090. Epub 2020 Jun 23. PMID: 32585380.

33: Vincent FM. Anterior spinal artery aneurysm presenting as a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 1981 Mar-Apr;12(2):230-2. doi: 10.1161/01.str.12.2.230. PMID: 7233470.

34: Tsuruta W, Yamamoto T, Ikeda G, Sato M, Ito Y, Takigawa T, Marushima A, Nakai Y, Matsumaru Y, Matsumura A. Spinal Cord Infarction in the Region of the Posterior Spinal Artery After Embolization for Vertebral Artery Dissection. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2018 Dec 1;15(6):701-710. doi: 10.1093/ons/opy026. PMID: 29538687.

35: Fujisawa Y, Morishita K, Murakami G, Abe T. Histological and morphometric study of the arterial route from the intercostal/lumbar artery via the Adamkiewicz artery to the anterior spinal artery using elderly cadavers with or without aortic aneurysms. Ann Vasc Surg. 2006 Jan;20(1):9-16. doi: 10.1007/s10016-005-9387-7. PMID: 16378142.

36: Glauser G, Hurst RW, Pukenas BA, Sedora-Roman NI, Kung D, Choudhri O. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage as Result of Retrocorporeal Artery Aneurysm Rupture: Rare Sequel of Subclavian Steal Syndrome. World Neurosurg. 2020 Jan;133:66-68. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.09.129. Epub 2019 Sep 28. PMID: 31574332.

37: Yang TK. A ruptured aneurysm in the branch of the anterior spinal artery. J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg. 2013 Mar;15(1):26-9. doi: 10.7461/jcen.2013.15.1.26. Epub 2013 Mar 31. PMID: 23593602; PMCID: PMC3625817.

38: Kari FA, Saravi B, Krause S, Puttfarcken L, Wittmann K, Förster K, Rylski B, Maier S, Göbel U, Siepe M, Czerny M, Beyersdorf F. Spinal ischaemia after thoracic endovascular aortic repair with left subclavian artery sacrifice: is there a critical stent graft length? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2018 Feb 1;53(2):385-391. doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezx285. PMID: 28958025.

39: Wright N, Burns B. Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis, Posterior Abdominal Wall Arteries. 2020 Nov 8. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan–. PMID: 30422567.

40: Longatti P, Sgubin D, Di Paola F. Bleeding spinal artery aneurysms. J Neurosurg Spine. 2008 Jun;8(6):574-8. doi: 10.3171/SPI/2008/8/6/574. PMID: 18518680.

41: Karakama J, Nakagawa K, Maehara T, Ohno K. Subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by a ruptured anterior spinal artery aneurysm. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2010;50(11):1015-9. doi: 10.2176/nmc.50.1015. PMID: 21123989.

42: Zhao SH, Logan L, Schraedley P, Rubin GD. Assessment of the anterior spinal artery and the artery of Adamkiewicz using multi-detector CT angiography. Chin Med J (Engl). 2009 Jan 20;122(2):145-9. PMID: 19187636.

44: Gabrieli J, Sourour NA, Chauvet D, Di Maria F, Chiras J, Clarençon F. Anterior spinal and bulbar artery supply to the posterior inferior cerebellar artery revealed by a ruptured aneurysm: case report. J Neurosurg. 2017 Feb;126(2):596-599. doi: 10.3171/2016.1.JNS152099. Epub 2016 Apr 1. PMID: 27035178.

45: Nakhla J, Nasser R, Yassari R, Pasquale D, Altschul D. Ruptured anterior spinal artery aneurysm from a herniated cervical disc. A case report and review of the literature. Surg Neurol Int. 2016 Jan 28;7:10. doi: 10.4103/2152-7806.175072. PMID: 26862449; PMCID: PMC4743272.

46: Klingler JH, Gläsker S, Shah MJ, Van Velthoven V. Rupture of a spinal artery aneurysm attributable to exacerbated Sjögren syndrome: case report. Neurosurgery. 2009 May;64(5):E1010-1; discussion E1011. doi: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000344002.21699.A3. PMID: 19404125.

47: Ravina K, Strickland BA, Rennert RC, Fredrickson V, Bakhsheshian J, Chien M, Mack W, Amar A, Russin JJ. Fusiform vertebral artery aneurysms involving the posterior inferior cerebellar artery origin associated with the sole angiographic anterior spinal artery origin: technical case report and treatment paradigm proposal. J Neurosurg. 2018 Oct 1:1-7. doi: 10.3171/2018.5.JNS18681. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 30485231.

48: Tomura N, Kono K, Okada H, Yoshimura R, Shintani A, Tanaka Y, Terada T. [A Ruptured Vertebral Artery Dissecting Aneurysm Involving the Anterior Spinal Artery:A Case Report]. No Shinkei Geka. 2016 Jul;44(7):575-81. Japanese. doi: 10.11477/mf.1436203333. PMID: 27384118.

49: Atallah E, Dang S, Rahm S, Feghali J, Nohra C, Tjoumakaris S, Rosenwasser RH, Zarzour H, Herial N, Gooch MR, Jabbour P. Rare case of diffuse spinal arachnoiditis following a complicated vertebral artery dissection. J Clin Neurosci. 2018 Jun;52:132-134. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.03.005. Epub 2018 Mar 28. PMID: 29605278.

50: Yogendranathan N, Herath HMMTB, Jayamali WD, Matthias AT, Pallewatte A, Kulatunga A. A case of anterior spinal cord syndrome in a patient with unruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm with a mural thrombus. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2018 Mar 5;18(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s12872-018-0786-4. PMID: 29506472; PMCID: PMC5839003.

51: Ren Y, He M, You C, Li J. Successful Surgical Resection of Spinal Artery Aneurysms: Report of 3 Cases. World Neurosurg. 2018 Jan;109:171-178. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.09.174. Epub 2017 Oct 4. PMID: 28987836.

52: Peltier J, Bougeois P, Baroncini M, Thines L, Leclerc X, Lejeune JP. Ultra- early rebleeding of an anterior spinal artery aneurysm. Br J Neurosurg. 2010 Aug;24(4):468-70. doi: 10.3109/02688691003710502. PMID: 20726754.

53: Abdalkader M, Samuelsen BT, Moore JM, Cervantes-Arslanian A, Ong CJ, Setty BN, Mian AZ, Nguyen TN. Ruptured Spinal Aneurysms: Diagnosis and Management Paradigms. World Neurosurg. 2021 Feb;146:e368-e377. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.10.098. Epub 2020 Oct 23. PMID: 33223127.

54: Pollock JM, Powers AK, Stevens EA, Sanghvi AN, Wilson JA, Morris PP. Ruptured anterior spinal artery aneurysm: a case report. J Neuroimaging. 2009 Jul;19(3):277-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1552-6569.2008.00287.x. Epub 2008 Aug 4. PMID: 18681926.

55: Uezu T, Koja K, Kuniyoshi Y, Miyagi K, Shimoji M, Arakaki K, Yamashiro S, Mabuni K, Senaha S. Blood distribution to the anterior spinal artery from each segment of intercostal and lumbar arteries. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 2003 Oct;44(5):637-45. PMID: 14735053.

56: Geibprasert S, Krings T, Apitzsch J, Reinges MH, Nolte KW, Hans FJ. Subarachnoid hemorrhage following posterior spinal artery aneurysm. A case report and review of the literature. Interv Neuroradiol. 2010 Jun;16(2):183-90. doi: 10.1177/159101991001600211. Epub 2010 Jul 19. PMID: 20642894; PMCID: PMC3277979.

57: Mell MW, Wynn MM, Reeder SB, Tefera G, Hoch JR, Acher CW. A new intercostal artery management strategy for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. J Surg Res. 2009 Jun 1;154(1):99-104. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.05.024. Epub 2008 Jun 20. PMID: 19101698.

58: Todeschi J, Chibbaro S, Gubian A, Pop R, Proust F, Cebula H. Spinal adhesive arachnoiditis following the rupture of an Adamkiewicz aneurysm: Literature review and a case illustration. Neurochirurgie. 2018 Jun;64(3):177-182. doi: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2017.11.003. Epub 2018 Feb 9. PMID: 29433818.

59: Maenhoudt W, Rasschaert R, Bontinck H, Pinson H, Van Roost D, Hallaert G. Postarachnoiditis Anterior Spinal Arachnoid Cyst Formation with Compressive Myelopathy: Report of 2 Cases. World Neurosurg. 2018 Oct;118:59-62. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.07.006. Epub 2018 Jul 11. PMID: 30017769.

60: Aguilar-Salinas P, Lima J, Brasiliense LBC, Hanel RA, Sauvageau E. Ruptured aneurysm of the artery of Adamkiewicz: is conservative management the standard of treatment in the current era? J Neurointerv Surg. 2018 Aug;10(8):e22. doi: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2017-013194.rep. Epub 2018 Apr 7. PMID: 29627796.

61: Rouanet C, Reges D, Rocha E, Gagliardi V, Uehara MK, Miranda MA, Silva GS. “Man in the Barrel” Syndrome with Anterior Spinal Artery Infarct due to Vertebral Artery Dissection. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2017 Mar;26(3):e41-e42. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.12.016. Epub 2017 Jan 5. PMID: 28065615.

62: Erdi F, Keskin F, Kalkan H, Karatas Y, Koc O. Ruptured spinal artery aneurysm associated with coarctation of the aorta. Spine J. 2016 Feb;16(2):e23-5. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2015.09.015. Epub 2015 Sep 11. PMID: 26370306.

63: Pahl FH, de Oliveira MF, Rotta MA, Dias GM, Rezende AL, Rotta JM. Spontaneous resolution of an isolated cervical anterior spinal artery aneurysm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Surg Neurol Int. 2014 Sep 25;5:139. doi: 10.4103/2152-7806.141776. PMID: 25317354; PMCID: PMC4192925.

64: Jecko V, Rué M, Castetbon V, Berge J, Vignes JR. Vertebral artery (V2) pseudo-aneurysm after surgery for cervical schwannoma. How to prevent it and a review of the literature. Neurochirurgie. 2015 Feb;61(1):38-42. doi: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2014.08.002. Epub 2015 Jan 14. PMID: 25596972.

65: Koc O, Ozbek O, Paksoy Y, Kocaogullari Y. Neurological picture. Anterior spinal artery aneurysm presenting with spinal cord compression: MRI and MRI angiographic findings. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010 Jul;81(7):771-2. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2009.183301. PMID: 20581142.

66: Kawaharada N, Morishita K, Hyodoh H, Fujisawa Y, Fukada J, Hachiro Y, Kurimoto Y, Abe T. Magnetic resonance angiographic localization of the artery of Adamkiewicz for spinal cord blood supply. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004 Sep;78(3):846-51; discussion 851-2. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.02.085. PMID: 15337003.

67: Klinger DR, Reinard KA, Ajayi OO, Delashaw JB Jr. Microsurgical Clipping of an Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm Using a Novel Robotic Visualization Tool in Lieu of the Binocular Operating Microscope: Operative Video. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2018 Jan 1;14(1):26-28. doi: 10.1093/ons/opx081. PMID: 29253287.

68: Kurokawa T, Harada K, Ishihara H, Fujisawa H, Kato S, Kajiwara K, Suzuki M. De novo aneurysm formation on middle cerebral artery branches adjacent to the anastomotic site of superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass surgery in two patients: technical case report. Neurosurgery. 2007 Nov;61(5 Suppl 2):E297-8; discussion E298. doi: 10.1227/01.neu.0000303983.19375.a3. PMID: 18091223.

70: Aguilar-Salinas P, Lima J, Brasiliense LBC, Hanel RA, Sauvageau E. Ruptured aneurysm of the artery of Adamkiewicz: is conservative management the standard of treatment in the current era? BMJ Case Rep. 2017 Oct 13;2017:bcr2017013194. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2017-013194. PMID: 29030496; PMCID: PMC5652395.

71: Moore DW, Hunt WE, Zimmerman JE. Ruptured anterior spinal artery aneurysm: repair via a posterior approach. Neurosurgery. 1982 May;10(5):626-30. doi: 10.1227/00006123-198205000-00015. PMID: 7099415.

72: Servais LJ, Rivelli SK, Dachy BA, Christophe CD, Dan B. Anterior spinal artery syndrome after aortic surgery in a child. Pediatr Neurol. 2001 Apr;24(4):310-2. doi: 10.1016/s0887-8994(01)00237-5. PMID: 11377109.

73: Yonas H, Patre S, White RJ. Anterior spinal artery aneurysm. Case report. J Neurosurg. 1980 Oct;53(4):570-3. doi: 10.3171/jns.1980.53.4.0570. PMID: 7420184.

74: Takasaki K, Asakura T, Kadota K, Nakayama M, Komasaku R, Kasamo S. [Spinal artery aneurysm associated with dural AVM of the posterior fossa]. No Shinkei Geka. 1991 May;19(5):459-63. Japanese. PMID: 1852255.

75: Smith BS, Penka CF, Erickson LS, Matsuo F. Subarachnoid hemorrhage due to anterior spinal artery aneurysm. Neurosurgery. 1986 Feb;18(2):217-9. doi: 10.1227/00006123-198602000-00020. PMID: 3960303.

76: Ogun SA, Adefuye B, Kolapo KB, Osalusi BS. Anterior spinal artery syndrome complicating aortic dissecting aneurysm: case report. East Afr Med J. 2004 Oct;81(10):549-52. doi: 10.4314/eamj.v81i10.9242. PMID: 15715137.

77: Dabus G, Tosello RT, Pereira BJA, Linfante I, Piske RL. Dissecting spinal aneurysms: conservative management as a therapeutic option. J Neurointerv Surg. 2018 May;10(5):451-454. doi: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2017-013566. Epub 2017 Dec 6. PMID: 29212861.

78: Sharma S, Kumar S. Hematomyelia due to anterior spinal artery aneurysm in a patient with coarctation of aorta. Neurol India. 2010 Jul-Aug;58(4):675-6. doi: 10.4103/0028-3886.68697. PMID: 20739828.

79: Seerangan G, Narayanan M. A Rare Case of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage due to Rupture of Isolated Anterior Spinal Artery Aneurysm in a Patient with Polycystic Kidney Disease. Case Rep Nephrol Urol. 2012 Jul;2(2):108-12. doi: 10.1159/000341261. Epub 2012 Jul 24. PMID: 23197965; PMCID: PMC3482066.

80: Cheng K, Perenyei M, Sayeed R. Anterior spinal artery syndrome from type A aortic dissection in a patient with Marfan syndrome due to a novel fibrillin mutation. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2018 Jun;48(2):120-123. doi: 10.4997/JRCPE.2018.204. PMID: 29992200.

81: Boeris D, Mortimer A, Sakthithasan M, Evins AI, Sandeman D, Renowden S. Conservative management of a post-traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the artery of cervical enlargement-anterior spinal artery junction. BMJ Case Rep. 2015 Mar 25;2015:bcr2015011662. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2015-011662. PMID: 25809436; PMCID: PMC4386298.

82: Boeris D, Mortimer A, Sakthithasan M, Evins AI, Sandeman D, Renowden S. Conservative management of a post-traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the artery of cervical enlargement-anterior spinal artery junction. J Neurointerv Surg. 2016 Apr;8(4):e14. doi: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2015-011662.rep. Epub 2015 Mar 27. PMID: 25817516.

83: Santana-Ramírez A, Farias-Serratos F, Garzon-Muvdi T, Quiñones-Hinojosa A. A giant spinal arterial aneurysm in a child presenting as quadriparesis. BMJ Case Rep. 2013 Aug 20;2013:bcr2013200298. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2013-200298. PMID: 23964047; PMCID: PMC3762372.

84: Bartoli A, Kotowski M, Pereira VM, Schaller K. Acute spinal epidural hematoma and cranial interdural hematoma due to a rupture of a posterior communicating artery aneurysm: case report. Neurosurgery. 2011 Oct;69(4):E1000-4; discussion E1004. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0b013e318223bc0c. PMID: 21577169.

85: Rigney L, Cappelen-Smith C, Sebire D, Beran RG, Cordato D. Nontraumatic spinal cord ischaemic syndrome. J Clin Neurosci. 2015 Oct;22(10):1544-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.03.037. Epub 2015 Jul 4. PMID: 26154150.

86: Bruneau M, Goffette P, Cosnard G, Rommel D, Raftopoulos C. Lateral sacral artery aneurysm: case report and review of the literature. Neurosurgery. 2005 Jul;57(1):E197; discussion E197. doi: 10.1227/01.neu.0000163424.02130.45. PMID: 15987562.

87: Chen CC, Bellon RJ, Ogilvy CS, Putman CM. Aneurysms of the lateral spinal artery: report of two cases. Neurosurgery. 2001 Apr;48(4):949-53; discussion 953-4. doi: 10.1097/00006123-200104000-00057. PMID: 11322459.

88: Wang MX, Smith G, Albayram M. Spinal cord watershed cerebral infarction: Novel findings on magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Imaging. 2019 May-Jun;55:71-75. doi: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2019.01.023. Epub 2019 Jan 31. PMID: 30763904.

89: Ki YJ, Jeon BH, Bang HJ. Spinal Cord Infarction Caused by Non-dissected and Unruptured Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm with Intraluminal Thrombus. Ann Rehabil Med. 2012 Apr;36(2):297-302. doi: 10.5535/arm.2012.36.2.297. Epub 2012 Apr 30. PMID: 22639759; PMCID: PMC3358691.

90: Lucas JW, Jones J, Farin A, Kim P, Giannotta SL. Cervical spine dural arteriovenous fistula with coexisting spinal radiculopial artery aneurysm presenting as subarachnoid hemorrhage: case report. Neurosurgery. 2012 Jan;70(1):E259-63; discussion E263. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0b013e31822ac0fb. PMID: 21795862.

91: Iwai T, Naito I, Shimaguchi H, Suzuki T, Tomizawa S. Angiographic findings and clinical significance of the anterior and posterior spinal arteries in therapeutic parent artery occlusion for vertebral artery aneurysms. Interv Neuroradiol. 2000 Dec 22;6(4):299-309. doi: 10.1177/159101990000600404. Epub 2001 May 15. PMID: 20667208; PMCID: PMC3679703.

92: Rancic Z, Pecoraro F, Pfammatter T, Mayer D, Veith FJ, Lachat M. Less invasive (common) femoral artery aneurysm repair using endografts and limited dissection. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2013 May;45(5):481-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2013.01.038. Epub 2013 Mar 1. PMID: 23465461.

93: Hsu CY, Cheng CY, Lee JD, Lee M, Huang YC, Wu CY, Hsu HL, Lin YH, Huang YC, Weng HH, Huang KL. Clinical features and outcomes of spinal cord infarction following vertebral artery dissection: a systematic review of the literature. Neurol Res. 2013 Sep;35(7):676-83. doi: 10.1179/1743132813Y.0000000183. Epub 2013 Mar 12. PMID: 23562138.

94: Stepper F, Lövblad KO. Anterior spinal artery stroke demonstrated by echo- planar DWI. Eur Radiol. 2001;11(12):2607-10. doi: 10.1007/s003300100926. Epub 2001 Jul 12. PMID: 11734967.

95: Leech PJ, Stokes BA, ApSimon T, Harper C. Unruptured aneurysm of the anterior spinal artery presenting as paraparesis. Case report. J Neurosurg. 1976 Sep;45(3):331-3. doi: 10.3171/jns.1976.45.3.0331. PMID: 948020.

96: Umana GE, Scalia G, Chaurasia B, Fricia M, Passanisi M, Graziano F, Nicoletti GF, Cicero S. Perimedullary arteriovenous fistulas of the craniovertebral junction: A systematic review. J Craniovertebr Junction Spine. 2020 Jul-Sep;11(3):157-162. doi: 10.4103/jcvjs.JCVJS_106_20. Epub 2020 Aug 14. PMID: 33100763; PMCID: PMC7546045.

97: Kito K, Kobayashi N, Mori N, Kohno H. Ruptured aneurysm of the anterior spinal artery associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Case report. J Neurosurg. 1983 Jan;58(1):126-8. doi: 10.3171/jns.1983.58.1.0126. PMID: 6847899.

98: Ullery BW, Thompson P, Mell MW. Anterior Retroperitoneal Spine Exposure following Prior Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair. Ann Vasc Surg. 2016 Aug;35:207.e5-9. doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2016.01.048. Epub 2016 May 27. PMID: 27238999.

99: Iihoshi S, Miyata K, Murakami T, Kaneko T, Koyanagi I. Dissection aneurysm of the radiculomedullary branch of the artery of Adamkiewicz with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2011;51(9):649-52. doi: 10.2176/nmc.51.649. PMID: 21946730.

100: Kokubun S, Fukuda S, Shimoji K, Sakamoto H, Gamou S, Ogura M, Yunokawa S, Morita S. Differential responses of porcine anterior spinal and middle cerebral arteries to carbon dioxide and pH. Crit Care Med. 2009 Mar;37(3):987-92. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181961330. PMID: 19237908.

101: Daentzer D, Deinsberger W, Böker DK. Vertebral artery complications in anterior approaches to the cervical spine: report of two cases and review of literature. Surg Neurol. 2003 Apr;59(4):300-9; discussion 309. doi: 10.1016/s0090-3019(03)00113-7. PMID: 12748015.

102: Laguna J, Cravioto H. Spinal cord infarction secondary to occlusion of the anterior spinal artery. Arch Neurol. 1973 Feb;28(2):134-6. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1973.00490200082013. PMID: 4683150.

103: Berlis A, Scheufler KM, Schmahl C, Rauer S, Götz F, Schumacher M. Solitary spinal artery aneurysms as a rare source of spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage: potential etiology and treatment strategy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2005 Feb;26(2):405-10. PMID: 15709145.

104: Yoshioka K, Tanaka R, Takagi H, Ueyama Y, Kikuchi K, Chiba T, Arakita K, Schuijf JD, Saito Y. Ultra-high-resolution CT angiography of the artery of Adamkiewicz: a feasibility study. Neuroradiology. 2018 Jan;60(1):109-115. doi: 10.1007/s00234-017-1927-7. Epub 2017 Oct 28. PMID: 29080918.

105: Tsutsumi K, Nagata K, Terashi H, Sato M, Hirata Y. [A case of aortic coarctation presenting with Brown-Séquard syndrome due to radicular artery aneurysm]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 1998 Jul;38(7):625-30. Japanese. PMID: 9868305.

106: Hironaka K, Tateyama K, Tsukiyama A, Adachi K, Morita A. Hydrocephalus Secondary to Intradural Extramedullary Malignant Melanoma of Spinal Cord. World Neurosurg. 2019 Oct;130:222-226. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.07.046. Epub 2019 Jul 11. PMID: 31302270.

107: Shahi N, Asante-Siaw J, Marzouk JF. Paraplegia following oesophagectomy. BMJ Case Rep. 2010;2010:bcr09.2009.2270. doi: 10.1136/bcr.09.2009.2270. Epub 2010 Feb 22. PMID: 22355297; PMCID: PMC3027734.

108: Garcia CA, Dulcey S, Dulcey J. Ruptured aneurysm of the spinal artery of Adamkiewicz during pregnancy. Neurology. 1979 Mar;29(3):394-8. doi: 10.1212/wnl.29.3.394. PMID: 571987.

109: Onda K, Yoshida Y, Arai H, Terada T. Complex arteriovenous fistulas at C1 causing hematomyelia through aneurysmal rupture of a feeder from the anterior spinal artery. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2012 Mar;154(3):471-5. doi: 10.1007/s00701-011-1232-x. Epub 2011 Nov 24. PMID: 22113555.

110: Matsui T, Taniguchi T, Saitoh T, Kamijoh K, Nakamura T, Yamashita A, Takayanagi S, Sakamoto M, Ishikawa T. Hematomyelia caused by ruptured intramedullary spinal artery aneurysm associated with extramedullary spinal arteriovenous fistula–case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2007 May;47(5):233-6. doi: 10.2176/nmc.47.233. PMID: 17527052.

111: Scholtes F, Henroteaux A, Otto B, Martin D. Head trauma and distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysm: potential role of an adhesion to the falx. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2015 Jan;76(1):72-5. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1354748. Epub 2014 Jun 27. PMID: 24971683.

112: Loret JE, Francois P, Papagiannaki C, Cottier JP, Terrier LM, Zemmoura I. Internal carotid artery dissection after anterior cervical disc replacement: first case report and literature review of vascular complications of the approach. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2013 Jul;23 Suppl 1:S107-10. doi: 10.1007/s00590-013-1228-8. Epub 2013 Jun 1. PMID: 23728441.

113: Chonan M, Nishimura S, Kimura N, Ezura M, Uenohara H, Tominaga T. A ruptured aneurysm arising at the leptomeningeal collateral circulation from the extracranial vertebral artery to the posterior inferior cerebellar artery associated with bilateral vertebral artery occlusion. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2014 Feb;23(2):e135-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.08.028. Epub 2013 Dec 8. PMID: 24321776.

114: Ito M, Yamamoto T, Mishina H, Sonokawa T, Sato K. Arteriovenous malformation of the medulla oblongata supplied by the anterior spinal artery in a child: treatment by microsurgical obliteration of the feeding artery. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2000 Dec;33(6):293-7. doi: 10.1159/000055974. PMID: 11182639.

115: Grace RR, Mattox KL. Anterior spinal artery syndrome following abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy. Case report and review of the literautre. Arch Surg. 1977 Jul;112(7):813-5. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1977.01370070027003. PMID: 880025.

116: Kombos T, Meisel HJ, Janz C, Brock M. Paraplegia due to rupture of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm. Consequence of a rare anatomic variant of the A2 segment. Interv Neuroradiol. 1996 Mar 30;2(1):53-7. doi: 10.1177/159101999600200107. Epub 2001 May 15. PMID: 20682119.

117: Guédon A, Clarençon F, Law-Ye B, Sourour N, Gabrieli J, Rojas P, Chiras J, Peyre M, Di Maria F. Rupture of the retrocorporeal artery: a rare cause of spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2016 Jun;158(6):1121-4. doi: 10.1007/s00701-016-2806-4. Epub 2016 Apr 22. PMID: 27106842.

118: Mortazavi MM, Hassanzadeh T, Khalili K, Suriya SS, Taqi MA, Fard SA, Tubbs RS. Falxuplication, a Novel Method for Wrap-Clipping a Fusiform Aneurysm: Technical Note. World Neurosurg. 2018 Jan;109:40-46. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.09.059. Epub 2017 Sep 20. PMID: 28939539.

119: Colman MW, Hornicek FJ, Schwab JH. Spinal Cord Blood Supply and Its Surgical Implications. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2015 Oct;23(10):581-91. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-14-00219. Epub 2015 Sep 16. PMID: 26377671.

120: Alnaami I, Lam FC, Steel G, Dicken B, O'Kelly CJ, Aronyk K, Mehta V. Arteriovenous fistula and pseudoaneurysm of the anterior spinal artery caused by an epidural needle in a 5-year-old patient. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2013 Mar;11(3):340-5. doi: 10.3171/2012.12.PEDS12247. Epub 2013 Jan 11. PMID: 23311385.

121: Yoshioka K, Niinuma H, Ohira A, Nasu K, Kawakami T, Sasaki M, Kawazoe K. MR angiography and CT angiography of the artery of Adamkiewicz: noninvasive preoperative assessment of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. Radiographics. 2003 Sep-Oct;23(5):1215-25. doi: 10.1148/rg.235025031. PMID: 12975511.

122: Catapano JS, Lang MJ, Koester SW, Wang DJ, DiDomenico JD, Fredrickson VL, Cole TS, Lee J, Lawton MT, Ducruet AF, Albuquerque FC. Digital subtraction cerebral angiography after negative computed tomography angiography findings in non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurointerv Surg. 2020 May;12(5):526-530. doi: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2019-015375. Epub 2019 Nov 4. PMID: 31685693.

123: de Haan P, Kalkman CJ. Spinal cord monitoring: somatosensory- and motor- evoked potentials. Anesthesiol Clin North Am. 2001 Dec;19(4):923-45. doi: 10.1016/s0889-8537(01)80017-1. PMID: 11778387.

124: Oskouian RJ Jr, Johnson JP. Vascular complications in anterior thoracolumbar spinal reconstruction. J Neurosurg. 2002 Jan;96(1 Suppl):1-5. doi: 10.3171/jns.2002.96.1.0001. PMID: 11795693.

125: Taniura S, Watanebe T. A ruptured dissecting aneurysm of the anterior radiculomedullary artery caused by vertebral angiography. Neuroradiology. 2000 Jul;42(7):539-42. doi: 10.1007/s002340000322. PMID: 10952191.

126: Benes L, Kappus C, Sure U, Bertalanffy H. Treatment of a partially thrombosed giant aneurysm of the vertebral artery by aneurysm trapping and direct vertebral artery-posterior inferior cerebellar artery end-to-end anastomosis: technical case report. Neurosurgery. 2006 Jul;59(1 Suppl 1):ONSE166-7; discussion ONSE166-7. doi: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000220034.08995.37. PMID: 16888562.

127: Yoshida K, Sato S, Inoue T, Ryu B, Shima S, Mochizuki T, Kuwamoto K, Okada Y, Niimi Y. Transvenous embolization for craniocervical junction epidural arteriovenous fistula with a pial feeder aneurysm. Interv Neuroradiol. 2020 Apr;26(2):170-177. doi: 10.1177/1591019919874571. Epub 2019 Sep 5. PMID: 31488023; PMCID: PMC7507230.

128: Etz CD, Kari FA, Mueller CS, Silovitz D, Brenner RM, Lin HM, Griepp RB. The collateral network concept: a reassessment of the anatomy of spinal cord perfusion. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011 Apr;141(4):1020-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.06.023. PMID: 21419903; PMCID: PMC3062787.

129: Rosenthal P, Latchaw RE, Kim KD. Anomalous vertebral artery injured during anterior cervical discectomy: a case report. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013 Nov 15;38(24):E1567-70. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3182a528e9. PMID: 23883832.

130: Miyagi K, Koja K, Kuniyoshi Y, Iha K, Akasaki M, Shimoji M, Kugai T, Kamada Y, Oomine Y, Kusaba A. [Angiographic evaluation of reconstructed spinal arteries in thoracic aortic aneurysm surgery]. Nihon Kyobu Geka Gakkai Zasshi. 1993 Oct;41(10):2054-8. Japanese. PMID: 8228409.

131: Waters PS, Tawfick W, Hynes N, Sultan S. Subacute anterior spinal cord ischemia with lower limb monoplegia: a clinical dilemma and challenging scenario. Vascular. 2012 Dec;20(6):329-33. doi: 10.1258/vasc.2012.cr0292. Epub 2012 Sep 14. PMID: 22983543.

132: Lo WB, Nagaraja S, Saxena A. Delayed Hemorrhage from an Iatrogenic Vertebral Artery Injury During Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Successful Endovascular Treatment-Report of a Rare Case and Literature Review. World Neurosurg. 2017 Mar;99:811.e11-811.e18. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.12.084. Epub 2016 Dec 29. PMID: 28042015.

133: Maeoka R, Nakagawa I, Omoto K, Wada T, Kichikawa K, Nakase H. Stent- assisted coil embolization of unruptured vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms with the low-profile visualized intraluminal support stent, with five techniques: Technical note and case report. Surg Neurol Int. 2019 Jun 19;10:105. doi: 10.25259/SNI-293-2019. PMID: 31528443; PMCID: PMC6744773.

134: Yamada N, Takamiya M, Kuribayashi S, Okita Y, Minatoya K, Tanaka R. MRA of the Adamkiewicz artery: a preoperative study for thoracic aortic aneurysm. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2000 May-Jun;24(3):362-8. doi: 10.1097/00004728-200005000-00002. PMID: 10864069.

135: Fukui S, Tanaka H, Kobayashi K, Kajiyama T, Mitsuno M, Yamamura M, Ryomoto M, Miyamoto Y. Development of Collaterals to the Spinal Cord after Endovascular Stent Graft Repair of Thoracic Aneurysms. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2016 Dec;52(6):801-807. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2016.09.010. Epub 2016 Oct 21. PMID: 27776939.

136: Hiramatsu M, Sugiu K, Ishiguro T, Kiyosue H, Sato K, Takai K, Niimi Y, Matsumaru Y. Angioarchitecture of arteriovenous fistulas at the craniocervical junction: a multicenter cohort study of 54 patients. J Neurosurg. 2018 Jun;128(6):1839-1849. doi: 10.3171/2017.3.JNS163048. Epub 2017 Sep 1. PMID: 28862546.

137: Bley TA, Duffek CC, François CJ, Schiebler ML, Acher CW, Mell M, Grist TM, Reeder SB. Presurgical localization of the artery of Adamkiewicz with time- resolved 3.0-T MR angiography. Radiology. 2010 Jun;255(3):873-81. doi: 10.1148/radiol.10091304. PMID: 20501724.

138: Cokluk C, Aydin K. Segmental artery pseudoaneurysm associated with thoracic spinal fracture. Turk Neurosurg. 2007 Apr;17(2):142-6. PMID: 17935033.

139: Schaller B, Lyrer P. A. spinalis-anterior-Syndrom: Eine wichtige Differentialdiagnose zu den akuten nicht-traumatischen Rückenmarkquerschnittssyndromen [Anterior spinal artery syndrome: an important differential diagnosis of acute non-traumatic transverse spinal cord syndrome]. Praxis (Bern 1994). 2001 Aug 23;90(34):1420-7. German. PMID: 11552323.

140: Higashino K, Katoh S, Sairyo K, Goda Y, Sakai T, Kitaichi T, Kitagawa T, Yasui N. Pseudoaneurysm of the thoracoabdominal aorta caused by a severe migration of an anterior spinal device. Spine J. 2008 Jul-Aug;8(4):696-9. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2007.03.007. Epub 2007 May 24. PMID: 17662663.

141: Alexander H, Dowlati E, McGowan JE, Mason RB, Anaizi A. C2-C3 spinal fracture subluxation with ligamentous and vascular injury: a case report and review of management. Spinal Cord Ser Cases. 2019 Jan 16;5:4. doi: 10.1038/s41394-019-0150-7. PMID: 30675388; PMCID: PMC6335400.

142: Fereshetian A, Kadir S, Kaufman SL, Mitchell SE, Murray RR, Kinnison ML, Williams GM. Digital subtraction spinal cord angiography in patients undergoing thoracic aneurysm surgery. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 1989 Jan-Feb;12(1):7-9. doi: 10.1007/BF02577117. PMID: 2496931.

143: Choi JW, Lee JK, Moon KS, Kim YS, Kwak HJ, Joo SP, Kim JH, Kim SH. Endovascular embolization of iatrogenic vertebral artery injury during anterior cervical spine surgery: report of two cases and review of the literature. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006 Nov 1;31(23):E891-4. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000244614.84685.c2. PMID: 17077727.

144: Nishii T, Kotoku A, Hori Y, Matsuzaki Y, Watanabe Y, Morita Y, Kono AK, Matsuda H, Fukuda T. Filtered back projection revisited in low-kilovolt computed tomography angiography: sharp filter kernel enhances visualization of the artery of Adamkiewicz. Neuroradiology. 2019 Mar;61(3):305-311. doi: 10.1007/s00234-018-2136-8. Epub 2018 Nov 21. PMID: 30465057.

145: Amako M, Yamamoto Y, Nakamura K, Tobinaga S, Nakamura E, Hosokawa Y, Ohno T, Akashi H, Aoyagi S, Tanaka H. Preoperative visualization of the artery of Adamkiewicz by dual-phase CT angiography in patients with aortic aneurysm. Kurume Med J. 2011;58(4):117-25. doi: 10.2739/kurumemedj.58.117. PMID: 23047141.

146: Weidauer S, Nichtweiss M, Lanfermann H, Zanella FE. Spinal cord infarction: MR imaging and clinical features in 16 cases. Neuroradiology. 2002 Oct;44(10):851-7. doi: 10.1007/s00234-002-0828-5. Epub 2002 Sep 21. PMID: 12389137.

147: Ohshima T, Miyachi S, Matsuo N, Kawaguchi R, Niwa A, Maejima R, Isaji T, Takayasu M. Novel Vertebral Artery Flow Reversal Method for Preventing Ischemic Complication during Endovascular Intervention. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018 Jul;27(7):e144-e147. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.02.036. Epub 2018 Mar 16. PMID: 29555396.

148: Daras M, Tuchman AJ, Koppel BS, Samkoff LM, Weitzner I, Marc J. Neurovascular complications of cocaine. Acta Neurol Scand. 1994 Aug;90(2):124-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1994.tb02691.x. PMID: 7801738.

149: Kado K, Hirai S, Kobayashi S, Kobayashi E, Yamakami I, Uchino Y, Saeki N, Yamaura A. Potential role of the anterior spinal artery in preventing propagation of thrombus in a therapeutically occluded vertebral artery: angiographic studies before and after endovascular treatment. Neuroradiology. 2002 Apr;44(4):347-54. doi: 10.1007/s00234-001-0734-2. Epub 2001 Dec 14. PMID: 11914814.

150: Nijenhuis RJ, Jacobs MJ, van Engelshoven JM, Backes WH. MR angiography of the Adamkiewicz artery and anterior radiculomedullary vein: postmortem validation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2006 Aug;27(7):1573-5. PMID: 16908583.

151: Gilad R, Fatterpekar GM, Johnson DM, Patel AB. Migrating subdural hematoma without subarachnoid hemorrhage in the case of a patient with a ruptured aneurysm in the intrasellar anterior communicating artery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2007 Nov-Dec;28(10):2014-6. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A0726. Epub 2007 Oct 5. PMID: 17921232.

152: Conti VR, Calverley J, Safley WL, Estes M, Williams EH. Anterior spinal artery syndrome with chronic traumatic aortic aneurysm. Ann Thorac Surg. 1982 Jan;33(1):81-5. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(10)63204-3. PMID: 7065767.

153: Li W, Sun X, Li H, Meng Z, Yang Y, Yao S. Endovascular treatment of a ruptured thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm secondary to Pott disease during a spine surgery: A case report and a literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Apr;98(16):e15306. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000015306. PMID: 31008983; PMCID: PMC6494369.

154: Nijenhuis RJ, Gerretsen S, Leiner T, Jacobs MJ, van Engelshoven JM, Backes WH. Comparison of 0.5-M Gd-DTPA with 1.0-M gadobutrol for magnetic resonance angiography of the supplying arteries of the spinal cord in thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm patients. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2005 Jul;22(1):136-44. doi: 10.1002/jmri.20340. PMID: 15971172.

155: Nakae R, Fujiki Y, Yokobori S, Naoe Y, Yokota H. Subarachnoid Aneurysmal Hemorrhage Associated with Coarctation of the Aorta: Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Nippon Med Sch. 2017;84(4):186-192. doi: 10.1272/jnms.84.186. PMID: 28978900.

156: Geisbüsch S, Schray D, Bischoff MS, Lin HM, Griepp RB, Di Luozzo G. Imaging of vascular remodeling after simulated thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2012 Dec;144(6):1471-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.08.062. Epub 2012 Sep 23. PMID: 23010582; PMCID: PMC3496032.

157: Lv X, Li C, Jiang W. The intracranial vasculature of canines represents a model for neurovascular ischemia and training residents and fellows in endovascular neurosurgery. Neuroradiol J. 2020 Aug;33(4):292-296. doi: 10.1177/1971400920920787. Epub 2020 May 5. PMID: 32367763; PMCID: PMC7416350.

158: Been HD, Kerkhoffs GM, Balm R. Endovascular graft for late iatrogenic vascular complication after anterior spinal instrumentation: a case report. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006 Oct 15;31(22):E856-8. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000240761.13090.a9. PMID: 17047534.

159: Boedeker H, Schmidt J, Zirngibl H. Spinalis-anterior-Syndrom nach thoracoabdomineller Oesophagusresektion. Eine seltene Komplikation [Anterior spinal artery syndrome after thoraco-abdominal esophagus resection. A rare complication]. Chirurg. 1997 Sep;68(9):902-5. German. doi: 10.1007/s001040050292. PMID: 9410679.

160: Biondi A, Merland JJ, Hodes JE, Pruvo JP, Reizine D. Aneurysms of spinal arteries associated with intramedullary arteriovenous malformations. I. Angiographic and clinical aspects. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1992 May- Jun;13(3):913-22. PMID: 1590191.

161: Zuber WF, Gaspar MR, Rothschild PD. The anterior spinal artery syndrome–a complication of abdominal aortic surgery: report of five cases and review of the literature. Ann Surg. 1970 Nov;172(5):909-15. doi: 10.1097/00000658-197011000-00018. PMID: 5477667; PMCID: PMC1397362.

162: Meffert P, Bischoff MS, Brenner R, Siepe M, Beyersdorf F, Kari FA. Significance and function of different spinal collateral compartments following thoracic aortic surgery: immediate versus long-term flow compensation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2014 May;45(5):799-804. doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezt479. Epub 2013 Sep 27. PMID: 24078102.

163: Koshino T, Murakami G, Morishita K, Mawatari T, Abe T. Does the Adamkiewicz artery originate from the larger segmental arteries? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1999 May;117(5):898-905. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5223(99)70369-7. PMID: 10220681.

164: Lozupone E, Piano M, Valvassori L, Quilici L, Pero G, Visconti E, Boccardi E. Flow diverter devices in ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a single-center experience. J Neurosurg. 2018 Apr;128(4):1037-1043. doi: 10.3171/2016.11.JNS161937. Epub 2017 Apr 7. PMID: 28387623.

165: Phi JH, Lee SH, Son KR, Chung YS. Ruptured aneurysm originating from an aberrant medullary branch of the proximal posterior inferior cerebellar artery: case report. Neurosurgery. 2010 Jan;66(1):E221; discussion E221. doi: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000360378.84853.A0. PMID: 20023528.

166: Kannan S, Yamada Y, Miyatani K, Teranishi T, Marathi AR, Mohan K, Kawase T, Kato Y. Use of our Protocol of Multimodality Tools to Aid in the Safe Microsurgical Clipping of Unruptured Anterior Circulation Aneurysms. Asian J Neurosurg. 2019 Jul-Sep;14(3):773-779. doi: 10.4103/ajns.AJNS_65_19. PMID: 31497101; PMCID: PMC6703045.

167: Schievink WI, Palestrant D, Maya MM, Rappard G. Spontaneous spinal Cerebrospinal fluid fistula as a cause of coma after craniotomy for clipping of an unruptured intracranial aneurysm. J Neurosurg. 2009 Mar;110(3):521-4. doi: 10.3171/2008.9.JNS08670. PMID: 19012477.

168: Rabinov JD, Hellinger FR, Morris PP, Ogilvy CS, Putman CM. Endovascular management of vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysms. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2003 Aug;24(7):1421-8. PMID: 12917140.

169: Morishita K, Murakami G, Fujisawa Y, Kawaharada N, Fukada J, Saito T, Abe T. Anatomical study of blood supply to the spinal cord. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003 Dec;76(6):1967-71. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(03)01254-2. PMID: 14667623.

170: Nonaka S, Oishi H, Tsutsumi S, Sakamoto K, Okura H, Suzuki T, Ishii H, Yasumoto Y. Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Assumed to be Symptomatic after Placement of Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid Drain. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018 Aug;27(8):e177-e179. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.03.017. Epub 2018 Apr 18. PMID: 29680304.

171: Neo M, Matsushita M, Morita T, Nakamura T. Pseudoaneurysm of the deep circumflex iliac artery: a rare complication at an anterior iliac bone graft donor site. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000 Jul 15;25(14):1848-51. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200007150-00018. PMID: 10888956.

172: Newell CP, Seller C, Vizhi M, Turner N. Case report: spontaneous coronary artery dissection during elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. Anaesthesia. 2011 Jul;66(7):615-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2011.06697.x. Epub 2011 Apr 18. PMID: 21501127.

173: Dmytriw AA, Martinez JL, Marotta T, Montanera W, Cusimano M, Bharatha A. Use of a flow-diverting stent for ruptured dissecting aneurysm treatment in a patient with sickle cell disease. Interv Neuroradiol. 2016 Apr;22(2):143-7. doi: 10.1177/1591019915617323. Epub 2015 Dec 10. PMID: 26659483; PMCID: PMC4984340.

174: Harrington DP, Barth KH, White RI Jr, Brawley RK. Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the thoracic aorta in close proximity to the anterior spinal artery: a therapeutic dilemma. Surgery. 1980 Feb;87(2):153-6. PMID: 7355387.

175: Carlson AP. Tailored PICA Revascularization for Unusual Ruptured Fusiform Vertebro-PICA Origin Aneurysms: Rationale and Case Illustrations. J Neurol Surg Rep. 2015 Nov;76(2):e275-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1564607. Epub 2015 Oct 9. PMID: 26623241; PMCID: PMC4648730.

176: Doğan R, Pınar HU, Karaca Ö, Karakoç F. Ultrasound-guided bilateral greater occipital nerve block on headache seen after endovascular treatment of ruptured or unruptured intracranial aneurysms: A case report. Agri. 2020 Nov;32(4):223-227. English. doi: 10.5505/agri.2018.59023. PMID: 33398867.

177: Tanaka F, Kadohama T, Arai T, Yamaura G, Takagi D, Kiryu K, Itagaki Y, Wada T, Igarashi I, Yamamoto H. [Thoracic Endovascular Repair for Chronic Aortic Dissection with Aberrant Origin of the Left Vertebral Artery;Report of a Case]. Kyobu Geka. 2020 Nov;73(12):1032-1036. Japanese. PMID: 33268757.

178: Marinković S, Milisavljević M, Gibo H, Maliković A, Djulejić V. Microsurgical anatomy of the perforating branches of the vertebral artery. Surg Neurol. 2004 Feb;61(2):190-7; discussion 197. doi: 10.1016/s0090-3019(03)00577-9. PMID: 14751642.

179: Nishida J, Kitagawa K, Nagata M, Yamazaki A, Nagasawa N, Sakuma H. Model- based iterative reconstruction for multi-detector row CT assessment of the Adamkiewicz artery. Radiology. 2014 Jan;270(1):282-91. doi: 10.1148/radiol.13122019. Epub 2013 Oct 28. PMID: 23962418.

180: Mahmood A, Dujovny M, Torche M, Dragovic L, Ausman JI. Microvascular anatomy of foramen caecum medullae oblongatae. J Neurosurg. 1991 Aug;75(2):299-304. doi: 10.3171/jns.1991.75.2.0299. PMID: 2072169.

181: Strickland BA, Bakhsheshian J, Rennert RC, Fredrickson VL, Lam J, Amar A, Mack W, Carey J, Russin JJ. Descending Branch of the Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery Graft for Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Revascularization. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2018 Sep 1;15(3):285-291. doi: 10.1093/ons/opx241. PMID: 30125010.

182: Machnowska M, Moien-Afshari F, Voll C, Wiebe S. Partial anterior cervical cord infarction following vertebral artery dissection. Can J Neurol Sci. 2008 Nov;35(5):674-7. doi: 10.1017/s0317167100009549. PMID: 19235459.

183: Devesa A, Sáez-Pérez JM, Sánchez-Roy R, Torres-García J, Simó C. Isquemia medular como consecuencia de un aneurisma de aorta abdominal [Spinal cord ischemia as a consequence of dissection of an abdominal aortic aneurysm]. Rev Neurol. 1999 May 1-15;28(9):878-80. Spanish. PMID: 10390752.

184: Tsai YD, Hsu CW, Hsu CC, Liao WI, Chen SJ. Paraplegia caused by aortic coarctation complicated with spinal epidural hemorrhage. Am J Emerg Med. 2016 Mar;34(3):680.e1-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.06.057. Epub 2015 Jun 26. PMID: 26275629.

185: Steiger HJ, Hänggi D, Stummer W, Winkler PA. Custom-tailored transdural anterior transpetrosal approach to ventral pons and retroclival regions. J Neurosurg. 2006 Jan;104(1):38-46. doi: 10.3171/jns.2006.104.1.38. PMID: 16509145.

186: Walz DM, Woldenberg RF, Setton A. Pseudoaneurysm of the anterior spinal artery in a patient with Moyamoya: an unusual cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2006 Aug;27(7):1576-8. PMID: 16908584.

187: Tanweer O, Wilson TA, Kalhorn SP, Golfinos JG, Huang PP, Kondziolka D. Neurosurgical decision making: personal and professional preferences. J Neurosurg. 2015 Mar;122(3):678-91. doi: 10.3171/2014.11.JNS14400. Epub 2015 Jan 9. PMID: 25574570.

188: Kitamura Y, Onozuka S, Ichimura S, Yoshida K. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) after coil embolization of cerebral aneurysm: implication of high SSEH frequency in East Asia. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2013 May;115(5):649-50. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2012.06.034. Epub 2012 Jul 12. PMID: 22795549.

189: Yamada N, Okita Y, Minatoya K, Tagusari O, Ando M, Takamiya M, Kitamura S. Preoperative demonstration of the Adamkiewicz artery by magnetic resonance angiography in patients with descending or thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2000 Jul;18(1):104-11. doi: 10.1016/s1010-7940(00)00412-7. PMID: 10869948.

190: Lastfogel JF, Bendok BR, Boulis NM, Cohen-Gadol AA. Clinical problem- solving: aneurysm or spinal arteriovenous fistula-bait and switch. Neurosurgery. 2011 Mar;68(3):E866-73. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0b013e3182080474. PMID: 21311283.

191: Hyodoh H, Shirase R, Kawaharada N, Hyodoh K, Sato T, Onodera M, Aratani K, Hareyama M. MR angiography for detecting the artery of Adamkiewicz and its branching level from the aorta. Magn Reson Med Sci. 2009;8(4):159-64. doi: 10.2463/mrms.8.159. PMID: 20035124.

192: Deruty R, Dechaume JP, Lecuire J, Bret P, El Ouarzazi A. Traitement microchirurgical d'une série d'anévrysmes artériels intra-crâniens sus- tentoriels [Microsurgical treatment of a series of intracranial subtentorial arterial aneurysms]. Neurochirurgie. 1976 May-Jun;22(3):227-38. French. PMID: 1012428.

193: Bokeriia LA, Arakelaian VS, Papitashvili VG, Gamzaev NR, Zatevakhina MV, Pyshakov AV. Surgical methods of protecting the spinal cord during reconstructive operations on the thoracic and thoracoabdominal portions of the aorta. Angiol Sosud Khir. 2008;14(3):93-9. English, Russian. PMID: 19791436.

194: Cheshire WP, Santos CC, Massey EW, Howard JF Jr. Spinal cord infarction: etiology and outcome. Neurology. 1996 Aug;47(2):321-30. doi: 10.1212/wnl.47.2.321. PMID: 8757000.

195: Ha SH, Kim EM, Ju HM, Lee WK, Min KT. Remote cerebellar hemorrhage after unruptured cerebral aneurysm surgery: two cases report. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2014 Sep;67(3):213-6. doi: 10.4097/kjae.2014.67.3.213. Epub 2014 Sep 24. PMID: 25302099; PMCID: PMC4188769.

196: Anderer EG, Kang MM, Moshel YA, Frempong-Boadu A. Successful management of an anterior thoracic Type IV spinal arteriovenous malformation with two associated aneurysms utilizing vertebrectomy. Technical note. J Neurosurg Spine. 2008 Jul;9(1):67-70. doi: 10.3171/SPI/2008/9/7/067. PMID: 18590414.

197: Lowell RC, Gloviczki P, Bergman RT, Stanson AW, Dzsinich C, Bower TC, Cherry KJ Jr. Failure of selective shunting to intercostal arteries to prevent spinal cord ischemia during experimental thoracoabdominal aortic occlusion. Int Angiol. 1992 Oct-Dec;11(4):281-8. PMID: 1295934.

198: Etz CD, Kari FA, Mueller CS, Brenner RM, Lin HM, Griepp RB. The collateral network concept: remodeling of the arterial collateral network after experimental segmental artery sacrifice. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011 Apr;141(4):1029-36. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.06.017. PMID: 21419904; PMCID: PMC3086022.

199: Kuklo TR, Lehman RA Jr, Lenke LG. Structures at risk following anterior instrumented spinal fusion for thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2005 Feb;18 Suppl:S58-64. doi: 10.1097/01.bsd.0000123424.12852.75. PMID: 15699806.

200: Mawad ME, Rivera V, Crawford S, Ramirez A, Breitbach W. Spinal cord ischemia after resection of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms: MR findings in 24 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1990 Dec;155(6):1303-7. doi: 10.2214/ajr.155.6.2122684. PMID: 2122684.

201: Suzuki H, Kitagawa T, Gotoh M, Mitsueda-Ono T, Matsui M. Cervical Cord Infarction Caused by Dissection of the Intracranial Segment of the Vertebral Artery. Intern Med. 2018 Nov 15;57(22):3321-3324. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.0608-17. Epub 2018 Jul 6. PMID: 29984769; PMCID: PMC6287998.

202: Maeda T, Yoshida H, Funabashi T, Nakaya S, Takabatake S, Ohno T, Taniguchi N. [Visualization of peripheral left coronary aneurysms in Kawasaki disease by subcostal two-dimensional echocardiography]. J Cardiogr. 1983 Dec;13(4):881-91. Japanese. PMID: 6678955.

203: Ou P, Schmit P, Layouss W, Sidi D, Bonnet D, Brunelle F. CT angiography of the artery of Adamkiewicz with 64-section technology: first experience in children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2007 Feb;28(2):216-9. PMID: 17296982.

204: Lord RS. Complex abdominal and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm reconstruction. Surg Today. 1995;25(2):99-106. doi: 10.1007/BF00311078. PMID: 7772928.

205: Kneisley LW. Hyperhydrosis in paraplegia. Arch Neurol. 1977 Sep;34(9):536-9. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1977.00500210038005. PMID: 889495.

206: Wilson DA, Fusco DJ, Theodore N. Delayed subarachnoid hemorrhage following failed odontoid screw fixation. J Neurosurg Spine. 2011 Jun;14(6):715-8. doi: 10.3171/2011.1.SPINE10561. Epub 2011 Mar 11. PMID: 21395399.

207: Choque-Velasquez J, Hernesniemi J. One burr-hole craniotomy: Modified presigmoid approach in Helsinki Neurosurgery. Surg Neurol Int. 2018 Sep 10;9:182. doi: 10.4103/sni.sni_201_18. PMID: 30283715; PMCID: PMC6157040.

208: Decker RE, Stein HL, Epstein JA. Complete embolization of artery of Adamkiewicz to obliterate an intramedullary arteriovenous aneurysm. Case report. J Neurosurg. 1975 Oct;43(4):486-9. doi: 10.3171/jns.1975.43.4.0486. PMID: 1159488.

209: Yasuda N, Kuroda Y, Ito T, Sasaki M, Oka S, Ukai R, Nakanishi K, Mikami T, Shibata T, Harada R, Naraoka S, Kamada T, Kawaharada N. Postoperative spinal cord ischaemia: magnetic resonance imaging and clinical features. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2021 Jan 31:ezaa476. doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezaa476. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33517384.

210: Reich MP. Paraplegia following resection of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Report of a case of atheromatous embolization to the anterior spinal artery. Vasc Surg. 1968 Dec;2(4):230-4. doi: 10.1177/153857446800200408. PMID: 5759064.

211: Canaud L, Gandet T, Ozdemir BA, Albat B, Marty-Ané C, Alric P. Hybrid Aortic Repair of Dissecting Aortic Arch Aneurysm after Surgical Treatment of Acute Type A Dissection. Ann Vasc Surg. 2016 Jan;30:175-80. doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2015.07.046. Epub 2015 Oct 31. PMID: 26529059.

212: Yamakawa Y, Kosaka H, Nagatomi H. [Intracranial aneurysm in a child–a case report and some considerations on etiology (author's transl)]. No Shinkei Geka. 1976 Mar;4(3):299-304. Japanese. PMID: 944872.

213: Li Y, Jenny D, Bemporad JA, Liew CJ, Castaldo J. Sulcal artery syndrome after vertebral artery dissection. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2010 Jul- Aug;19(4):333-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2009.05.006. Epub 2010 May 15. PMID: 20472465.

214: Endo T, Shimizu H, Sato K, Niizuma K, Kondo R, Matsumoto Y, Takahashi A, Tominaga T. Cervical perimedullary arteriovenous shunts: a study of 22 consecutive cases with a focus on angioarchitecture and surgical approaches. Neurosurgery. 2014 Sep;75(3):238-49; discussion 249. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0000000000000401. PMID: 24867200.

215: Connolly JE. Prevention of paraplegia secondary to operations on the aorta. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 1986 Jul-Aug;27(4):410-7. PMID: 3722241.

216: Ihaya A, Morioka K, Noguchi H, Kimura T, Nishii H, Hiramatsu Y, Chiba Y, Muraoka R. [A case report of descending thoracic aortic aneurysm associated with anterior spinal artery syndrome despite no marked ESP changes]. Kyobu Geka. 1990 Sep;43(10):843-6. Japanese. PMID: 2214447.

217: Eun J, Oh Y. A case report of aneurysmal bone cyst of the thoracic spine treated by serial anterior and posterior fusion. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Nov;98(44):e17695. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000017695. PMID: 31689795; PMCID: PMC6946508.

218: Karampalis C, Lenthall R, Boszczyk B. Solid variant of aneurysmal bone cyst on the cervical spine of a child: case report, differential diagnosis and treatment rationale. Eur Spine J. 2013 Mar;22(3):523-31. doi: 10.1007/s00586-012-2548-9. Epub 2012 Oct 31. PMID: 23111445; PMCID: PMC3585632.

219: Kovács A, Schiller W, Gerhards HM, Welz A, Willinek WA, Schild H, Urbach H, Flacke S. Visualization of the Adamkiewicz artery in patients with acute stanford a dissections: a prospective 64-row multi-detector CT study. Rofo. 2009 Sep;181(9):870-4. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1109441. Epub 2009 Jun 10. PMID: 19517344.

220: Mizuno S, Hosokawa H, Tanaka M, Abe T, Wakabayashi T, Hasizume Y. [A case report of paraplegia following an operation for thoracic aortic aneurysm–with special reference to pathological findings of the spinal cord]. Nihon Kyobu Geka Gakkai Zasshi. 1990 Feb;38(2):313-7. Japanese. PMID: 2348113.

221: Moscovici S, Umansky F, Spektor S. “Lazy” far-lateral approach to the anterior foramen magnum and lower clivus. Neurosurg Focus. 2015 Apr;38(4):E14. doi: 10.3171/2015.2.FOCUS14784. PMID: 25828490.

222: Jaspers K, Nijenhuis RJ, Backes WH. Differentiation of spinal cord arteries and veins by time-resolved MR angiography. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2007 Jul;26(1):31-40. doi: 10.1002/jmri.20940. PMID: 17659566.

223: Aihara M, Naito I, Shimizu T, Matsumoto M, Asakura K, Miyamoto N, Yoshimoto Y. Predictive factors of medullary infarction after endovascular internal trapping using coils for vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms. J Neurosurg. 2018 Jul;129(1):107-113. doi: 10.3171/2017.2.JNS162916. Epub 2017 Aug 11. PMID: 28799869.

224: Yokoyama H, Sanada S, Doi H, Ohno T. [Three-dimensional image of Adamkiewicz artery detected by using multidetector CT: preoperative assessment of thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi. 2006 May 20;62(5):715-7. Japanese. PMID: 16767830.

225: Touma J, Benamara B, Kobeiter H, Desgranges P. Decision to Interrupt Second-Stage Side-Branch Completion in Thoracoabdominal Branched Aortic Stent Grafting to Prevent Spinal Cord Ischemia. Ann Vasc Surg. 2017 Jul;42:303.e1-303.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2017.01.013. Epub 2017 Apr 4. PMID: 28389286.

226: Wilke A, Noll B, Maisch B. Angina pectoris bei extrakoronaren Erkrankungen [Angina pectoris in extracoronary diseases]. Herz. 1999 Apr;24(2):132-9. German. doi: 10.1007/BF03043852. PMID: 10372299.

227: Kara B, Inan N, Bayramgürler D, Altintaş O, Akbulut A. Epidermal nevus syndrome with azygos anterior cerebral artery. Pediatr Neurol. 2008 Oct;39(4):283-5. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2008.06.016. PMID: 18805370.

228: Sukeeyamanon W, Siriapisith T, Wasinrat J. Preoperative localization of Adamkiewicz arteries and their origins by using MDCT angiography. J Med Assoc Thai. 2010 Dec;93(12):1430-6. PMID: 21344806.

229: Choi DH, Kim MJ, Yoo CJ, Park CW. Lumbosacral Subdural Hematoma and Concomitant Acute Lower Extremity Monoparesis After Intracranial Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. World Neurosurg. 2016 Nov;95:616.e15-616.e19. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.08.084. Epub 2016 Aug 29. PMID: 27586173.

230: Nakagawa D, Cushing C, Nagahama Y, Allan L, Hasan D. Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping as a Possible Tool to Radiographically Diagnose Sentinel Headache Associated with Intracranial Aneurysm: Case Report. World Neurosurg. 2017 Jul;103:954.e1-954.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.04.151. Epub 2017 Apr 30. PMID: 28465264.

231: Morioka T, Fukui M, Inoue T, Kitamura K, Hasuo K. [Fusiform aneurysm of the vertebral artery presenting with foramen magnum syndrome: a case report]. No Shinkei Geka. 1987 Feb;15(2):193-8. Japanese. PMID: 3561684.

232: Wyss P, Stirnemann P, Mattle HP. Schäden des Rückenmarks bei Eingriffen an der Aorta [Spinal lesions in surgery of the aorta]. Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 1992 Sep 15;81(38):1105-10. German. PMID: 1410990.

233: Chen S, Xiong L, Wang Q, Sang H, Zhu Z, Dong H, Lu Z. Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates spinal cord ischemic injury due to aortic cross-clamping in rabbits. BMC Neurol. 2002 Apr 17;2:1. doi: 10.1186/1471-2377-2-1. PMID: 11960559; PMCID: PMC107739.

234: Bender MT, Colby GP, Huang J. Post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus presenting as cauda equina syndrome in a patient with spinal dysraphism. J Clin Neurosci. 2016 Apr;26:159-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.10.023. Epub 2015 Dec 7. PMID: 26675625.

235: Hölper P, Hyhlik-Dürr A, Kotelis D, von Tengg-Kobligk H, Böckler D. Paraplegia after spontaneous dissection of the abdominal aorta. Vasa. 2009 Aug;38(3):254-8. doi: 10.1024/0301-1526.38.3.254. PMID: 19736638.

236: Per H, Canpolat M, Tümtürk A, Gumuş H, Gokoglu A, Yikilmaz A, Özmen S, Kaçar Bayram A, Poyrazoğlu HG, Kumandas S, Kurtsoy A. Different etiologies of acquired torticollis in childhood. Childs Nerv Syst. 2014 Mar;30(3):431-40. doi: 10.1007/s00381-013-2302-6. Epub 2013 Nov 6. PMID: 24196698.

237: Kumagai H, Isaka M, Sugawara Y, Okada K, Imai K, Orihashi K, Sueda T. Intra-aortic injection of propofol prevents spinal cord injury during aortic surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2006 May;29(5):714-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2006.01.042. Epub 2006 Mar 7. PMID: 16522369.

238: Shakur SF, Farhat HI. Cerebral Vasospasm with Ischemia following a Spontaneous Spinal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Case Rep Med. 2013;2013:934143. doi: 10.1155/2013/934143. Epub 2013 Feb 14. PMID: 23476668; PMCID: PMC3586460.

239: Berg P, Kaufmann D, van Marrewijk CJ, Buth J. Spinal cord ischaemia after stent-graft treatment for infra-renal abdominal aortic aneurysms. Analysis of the Eurostar database. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2001 Oct;22(4):342-7. doi: 10.1053/ejvs.2001.1470. PMID: 11563894.

240: Pamler RS, Kotsis T, Görich J, Kapfer X, Orend KH, Sunder-Plassmann L. Complications after endovascular repair of type B aortic dissection. J Endovasc Ther. 2002 Dec;9(6):822-8. doi: 10.1177/152660280200900616. PMID: 12546584.

241: Tekiner A, Gokcek C, Bayar MA, Erdem Y, Kilic C. Spontaneus resolution of a traumatic vertebral artery pseudoaneurysm. Turk Neurosurg. 2011 Jan;21(1):90-3. PMID: 21294098.

242: Hu Y, Kepler CK, Albert TJ, Yuan ZS, Ma WH, Gu YJ, Xu RM. Accuracy and complications associated with the freehand C-1 lateral mass screw fixation technique: a radiographic and clinical assessment. J Neurosurg Spine. 2013 Apr;18(4):372-7. doi: 10.3171/2013.1.SPINE12724. Epub 2013 Feb 1. PMID: 23373564.

243: Pérez-García C, Malfaz C, Del Valle Diéguez M, Fortea Gil F, Saura Lorente J, Echenagusia Boyra M, González Leyte M, Pérez-Higueras A, Castro-Reyes E. Embolization through the thyrocervical trunk: vascular anatomy, variants, and a case series. J Neurointerv Surg. 2018 Oct;10(10):1012-1018. doi: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2018-013808. Epub 2018 Mar 29. PMID: 29599183.

244: Grewal P, Hall JP, Jhaveri M, Dafer RM. Cerebral Vasculopathy and Spinal Arachnoiditis: Two Rare Complications of Ventriculitis Post Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Cureus. 2020 Dec 23;12(12):e12241. doi: 10.7759/cureus.12241. PMID: 33500861; PMCID: PMC7819455.

245: Zornow MH, Grafe MR, Tybor C, Swenson MR. Preservation of evoked potentials in a case of anterior spinal artery syndrome. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1990 Mar-Apr;77(2):137-9. doi: 10.1016/0168-5597(90)90028-c. PMID: 1690114.

246: Szilagyi DE, Hageman JH, Smith RF, Elliott JP. Spinal cord damage in surgery of the abdominal aorta. Surgery. 1978 Jan;83(1):38-56. PMID: 619471.

247: Chou AS, Hung CF, Tseng JH, Pan KT, Yen PS. Pseudoaneurysm of the deep circumflex iliac artery: a rare complication at an anterior iliac bone graft donor site treated by coil embolization. Chang Gung Med J. 2002 Jul;25(7):480-4. PMID: 12350036.

248: Das KK, Nair P, Mehrotra A, Sardhara J, Sahu RN, Jaiswal AK, Kumar R. Remote cerebellar hemorrhage: Report of 2 cases and review of literature. Asian J Neurosurg. 2014 Jul-Sep;9(3):161-4. doi: 10.4103/1793-5482.142737. PMID: 25685208; PMCID: PMC4323901.

249: Aoyama T, Hida K. Spinal intradural granuloma as a complication of an infected cerebrospinal fluid drainage tube fragment–case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2010;50(2):165-7. doi: 10.2176/nmc.50.165. PMID: 20185887.

250: Matushita H, Caldas JG. Conus perimedullary arteriovenous fistula in a child: unusual angio-architectural features and pathophysiology. Childs Nerv Syst. 2008 Sep;24(9):1071-6. doi: 10.1007/s00381-008-0663-z. Epub 2008 Jun 17. PMID: 18560838.

251: Mawad ME, Rivera V, Crawford S, Ramirez A, Breitbach W. Spinal cord ischemia after resection of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms: MR findings in 24 patients. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1990 Sep-Oct;11(5):987-91. PMID: 2121005.

252: Kuo MF, Tu YK, Liu HM. Spinal intradural arteriovenous fistula: a case with an unusual presentation. Pediatr Neurosurg. 1995;22(3):158-61. doi: 10.1159/000120894. PMID: 7786809.

253: Yang JS, Sponseller PD, Yazici M, Johnston CE 2nd. Vascular complications from anterior spine surgery in three patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009 Feb 15;34(4):E153-7. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31818d58da. PMID: 19214086.

254: Konan AV, Raymond J, Roy D. Transarterial embolization of aneurysms associated with spinal cord arteriovenous malformations. Report of four cases. J Neurosurg. 1999 Jan;90(1 Suppl):148-54. doi: 10.3171/spi.1999.90.1.0148. PMID: 10413143.

255: Genovese M, Todeschini A, Moratti C, Galassi G. The challenge of diagnosing the acute nontraumatic tetraplegia of a healthy young woman. Int J Neurosci. 2015 Apr;125(4):307-11. doi: 10.3109/00207454.2014.924124. Epub 2014 Jun 12. PMID: 24831262.

256: Saito K, Inamasu J, Kuramae T, Nakatsukasa M, Kawamura F. Tension pneumocephalus as a complication of lumbar drainage for cerebral aneurysm surgery–case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2009 Jun;49(6):252-4. doi: 10.2176/nmc.49.252. PMID: 19556734.

257: Biglioli P, Barili F, Fusari M, Grillo F, Roberto M. The Quick simple clamping technique for the repair of descending aortic aneurysm. Multimed Man Cardiothorac Surg. 2006 Jan 1;2006(1110):mmcts.2006.001941. doi: 10.1510/mmcts.2006.001941. PMID: 24413459.

258: Rubio PA, Nelson PW. Mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysm producing vertebral body destruction and paraplegia: case report. Paraplegia. 1989 Oct;27(5):406-9. doi: 10.1038/sc.1989.64. PMID: 2601992.

259: Waters RL, Sie I, Yakura J, Adkins R. Recovery following ischemic myelopathy. J Trauma. 1993 Dec;35(6):837-9. doi: 10.1097/00005373-199312000-00005. PMID: 8263978.

260: Fehrenbacher JW, Siderys H, Terry C, Kuhn J, Corvera JS. Early and late results of descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm open repair with deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2010 Dec;140(6 Suppl):S154-60; discussion S185-S190. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.08.054. PMID: 21092785.

261: Duc S, Delleci C, Barandon L, Nozeres A, Cugy E, Barat M, Dehail P. Complications arising after thoracic aortic surgery: a case report on an unusual spinal cord infarction. Physiopathological and clinical considerations. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2013 Feb;56(1):51-62. doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2013.01.002. Epub 2013 Jan 16. PMID: 23369427.

262: Savall F, Dedouit F, Mokrane FZ, Rougé D, Saint-Martin P, Telmon N. An unusual homicidal stab wound of the cervical spinal cord: A single case examined by post-mortem computed tomography angiography (PMCTA). Forensic Sci Int. 2015 Sep;254:e18-21. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.06.025. Epub 2015 Jul 6. PMID: 26183758.

263: Meylaerts SA, Jacobs MJ, van Iterson V, De Haan P, Kalkman CJ. Comparison of transcranial motor evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Ann Surg. 1999 Dec;230(6):742-9. doi: 10.1097/00000658-199912000-00002. PMID: 10615928; PMCID: PMC1420937.

264: Gilard V, Curey S, Tollard E, Proust F. Coincidental vascular anomalies at the foramen magnum: dural arteriovenous fistula and high flow aneurysm on perimedullary fistula. Neurochirurgie. 2013 Dec;59(6):210-3. doi: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2013.06.003. Epub 2013 Nov 7. PMID: 24211045.

265: Kouchoukos NT, Kulik A, Castner CF. Clinical outcomes and rates of aortic growth and reoperation after 1-stage repair of extensive chronic thoracic aortic dissection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2018 May;155(5):1926-1935. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.10.158. Epub 2018 Jan 31. PMID: 29477254.

266: Matsumoto A, Suzuki H, Tobita M, Hisanaga K. [An autopsy case of superficial siderosis of the central nervous system accompanied by anterior sacral polycystic meningocele in neurofibromatosis type 1]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2016 Jul 28;56(7):486-94. Japanese. doi: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-000876. Epub 2016 Jun 30. PMID: 27356733.

267: van Zeggeren L, Waasdorp EJ, van de Worp BH, Meijer ST, Moll FL, de Borst GJ. Painless transient paraparesis as the solitary manifestation of aortic dissection. J Vasc Surg. 2011 Nov;54(5):1481-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.05.007. Epub 2011 Jul 13. PMID: 21741795.

268: Xiao ZM, Zhan XL, Gong DF, De Li S. Surgical management for upper thoracic spine tumors by a transmanubrium approach and a new space. Eur Spine J. 2007 Mar;16(3):439-44. doi: 10.1007/s00586-006-0239-0. Epub 2006 Oct 17. PMID: 17043896; PMCID: PMC2200712.

269: Iwamoto S, Higashi A, Ueno T, Goto M, Iguro Y, Sakata R. Protective effect of sivelestat sodium hydrate (ONO-5046) on ischemic spinal cord injury. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2009 Jun;8(6):606-9. doi: 10.1510/icvts.2008.197244. Epub 2009 Mar 16. PMID: 19289399.

270: Joseph MG, Langsfeld MA, Lusby RJ. Infrarenal aortic aneurysm: unusual cause of paraparesis. Aust N Z J Surg. 1989 Sep;59(9):743-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.1989.tb01667.x. PMID: 2783097.

271: Akasaka J, Sakurai M, Takase K, Kumagai K, Tabayashi K. Another blood supply to Adamkiewicz's artery. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004 Sep;52(9):432-4. doi: 10.1007/s11748-004-0039-6. PMID: 15510846.

272: Yamazaki M, Hirayama K, Kawamura M, Ito N. [Anterior spinal artery syndrome –as a result of dissecans of the aorta]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 1985 Nov;25(11):1323-30. Japanese. PMID: 3835053.

273: Tayebi Meybodi A, Benet A, Lawton MT. The V₃ segment of the vertebral artery as a robust donor for intracranial-to-intracranial interpositional bypasses: technique and application in 5 patients. J Neurosurg. 2018 Sep;129(3):691-701. doi: 10.3171/2017.4.JNS163195. Epub 2017 Oct 6. PMID: 28984522.

274: Obermüller T, Wostrack M, Shiban E, Pape H, Harmening K, Friedrich B, Prothmann S, Meyer B, Ringel F. Vertebral artery injury during foraminal decompression in “low-risk” cervical spine surgery: incidence and management. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2015 Nov;157(11):1941-5. doi: 10.1007/s00701-015-2594-2. Epub 2015 Sep 29. PMID: 26416610.

275: Snell BE, Adesina A, Wolfla CE. Unicameral bone cyst of a cervical vertebral body and lateral mass with associated pathological fracture in a child. Case report and review of the literature. J Neurosurg. 2001 Oct;95(2 Suppl):243-5. doi: 10.3171/spi.2001.95.2.0243. PMID: 11599845.

276: Roquer J, Martí N, Cano A, Pou Serradell A. Isquemia medular reveladora de un aneurisma de aorta abdominal. Estudio de tres casos [Spinal cord ischemia indicating aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. Report of three cases]. Neurologia. 1995 May;10(5):201-4. Spanish. PMID: 7619538.

277: Miyairi T, Kotsuka Y, Ezure M, Ono M, Morota T, Kubota H, Shibata K, Ueno K, Takamoto S. Open stent-grafting for aortic arch aneurysm is associated with increased risk of paraplegia. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002 Jul;74(1):83-9. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(02)03602-0. PMID: 12118808.

278: Pau Serradell A. Myélopathies aiguës d'origine ischémique. Infarctus médullaires. Etude clinico-évolutive, et IRM de 8 cas [Acute ischemic spinal cord disease. Spinal cord infarction. A clinical study and MRI in 8 cases]. Rev Neurol (Paris). 1994;150(1):22-32. French. PMID: 7801036.

279: Uotani K, Yamada N, Kono AK, Taniguchi T, Sugimoto K, Fujii M, Kitagawa A, Okita Y, Naito H, Sugimura K. Preoperative visualization of the artery of Adamkiewicz by intra-arterial CT angiography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008 Feb;29(2):314-8. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A0812. Epub 2007 Nov 1. PMID: 17974605.

280: Paaschburg Nielsen B. Ischaemic injury to the spinal cord as a complication to abdominal aortic surgery. Acta Chir Scand. 1985;151(5):433-5. PMID: 4050273.

281: Yamazaki M, Okawa A, Fujiyoshi T, Kawabe J, Yamauchi T, Furuya T, Takaso M, Koda M. Simulated surgery for a patient with neurofibromatosis type-1 who had severe cervicothoracic kyphoscoliosis and an anomalous vertebral artery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2010 Apr 20;35(9):E368-73. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181c42559. PMID: 20375776.

282: Hughes KE, Seguin C, Felton B, Hughes MJ, Castle D. Acute Aortic Dissection Presenting as Bilateral Lower Extremity Paralysis: A Case Report. J Emerg Med. 2016 Oct;51(4):450-453. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.06.017. Epub 2016 Aug 20. PMID: 27553922.

283: Novais EN, Rose PS, Yaszemski MJ, Sim FH. Aneurysmal bone cyst of the cervical spine in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2011 Aug 17;93(16):1534-43. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.J.01430. PMID: 22204009.

284: Koyanagi I, Tator CH, Lea PJ. Three-dimensional analysis of the vascular system in the rat spinal cord with scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts. Part 2: Acute spinal cord injury. Neurosurgery. 1993 Aug;33(2):285-91; discussion 292. PMID: 8367052.

285: Johnston JM, Chicoine MR, Dacey RG Jr, Zipfel GJ. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, and acute paraparesis. Neurosurgery. 2008 Dec;63(6):1119-24; discussion 1124. doi: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000334428.21007.2D. PMID: 19057324.

286: Yamashita M, Yamamoto T, Yasunami T, Senzaki H. [An autopsy case of an extensive epidural spinal abscess demonstrating necrotizing poliomyelopathy]. No To Shinkei. 1996 Sep;48(9):839-44. Japanese. PMID: 8888033.

287: Probst C. Neurochirurgie im Alter. Teil II: Tumoren des ZNS–zerebrospinale vaskuläre Erkrankungen–Schmerzchirurgie–Schlussfolgerungen [Neurosurgery in old age. II: CNS tumors–cerebrospinal-vascular diseases–pain surgery– conclusions]. Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 1991 Dec 10;80(50):1396-411. German. PMID: 1721233.

288: Antoine J, Hussain Z, El-Sayed I, Apfel CC. The unrecognised difficult extubation: a call for vigilance. Anaesthesia. 2010 Sep;65(9):946-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2010.06407.x. PMID: 20573149.

289: Miyazawa T, Uozumi Y, Tsuzuki N, Shima K. “Phosphene”: early sign of vascular compression neuropathy of the optic nerve. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2009 Oct;151(10):1315-7. doi: 10.1007/s00701-009-0230-8. Epub 2009 Mar 17. PMID: 19290471.

290: Lee WH, Lee SU, Jung SH. Ischemic Cervical Myelopathy Caused by Vertebral Artery Dissection: The Clinical Utility of a Motor-evoked Potential Study. Neurologist. 2016 Jan;21(1):8-10. doi: 10.1097/NRL.0000000000000066. PMID: 26703002.

291: Mei-Hua L, Geng-Sheng X, Zhi-Qun J, Yi-Yun L, Tao H. Supracondylar transjugular tubercle approach to intradural lesions anterior or anterolateral to the craniocervical junction without resection of the occipital condyle. Turk Neurosurg. 2013;23(2):202-7. doi: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.6744-12.1. PMID: 23546906.

292: Fava E, Bortolani EM, Ducati A, Ruberti U. Evaluation of spinal cord function by means of lower limb somatosensory evoked potentials in reparative aortic surgery. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 1988 Jul-Aug;29(4):421-7. PMID: 3417741.

293: Koyanagi M, Fukuda H, Lo B, Uezato M, Kurosaki Y, Sadamasa N, Handa A, Chin M, Yamagata S. Effect of intrathecal milrinone injection via lumbar catheter on delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 2018 Mar;128(3):717-722. doi: 10.3171/2016.10.JNS162227. Epub 2017 Mar 3. PMID: 28298035.

294: Horiuchi T, Yamamoto Y, Kuroiwa M, Rahmah NN, Hongo K. Pontine infarction caused by medial branch injury of the basilar artery as a rare complication of cisternal drain placement. J Clin Neurosci. 2012 Apr;19(4):592-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2011.07.036. Epub 2012 Jan 28. PMID: 22285477.

295: Trethowan BA, Gilliland H, Popov AF, Varadarajan B, Phillips SA, McWhirter L, Ghent R. A case report and brief review of the literature on bilateral retinal infarction following cardiopulmonary bypass for coronary artery bypass grafting. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2011 Nov 21;6:154. doi: 10.1186/1749-8090-6-154. PMID: 22104114; PMCID: PMC3253690.

296: Wu B, You C, Cai BW, He M, Shuai KG. [Therapeutic effect of far lateral approach on the lesions located ventral to cranial-cervical junction]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2005 May 1;43(9):612-5. Chinese. PMID: 15938939.

297: Sugiu K, Meguro T, Nakashiama H, Ohmoto T. Successful embolization of a spinal perimedullary arteriovenous fistula with cellulose acetate polymer solution: technical case report. Neurosurgery. 2001 Nov;49(5):1257-60; discussion 1260-1. doi: 10.1097/00006123-200111000-00046. PMID: 11846922.

298: Guo W, Xu WP, Yang RL, Tang XD. [The surgical management of sacral tumors]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2003 Nov;41(11):827-31. Chinese. PMID: 14703458.

299: Nishie A, Barloon T, Schreiber A. Preaortic interazygous vein; mimicker of other pathologies. Clin Imaging. 2009 Mar-Apr;33(2):144-5. doi: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2008.11.002. PMID: 19237060.

300: Salas E, Sekhar LN, Ziyal IM, Caputy AJ, Wright DC. Variations of the extreme-lateral craniocervical approach: anatomical study and clinical analysis of 69 patients. J Neurosurg. 1999 Apr;90(2 Suppl):206-19. doi: 10.3171/spi.1999.90.2.0206. PMID: 10199250.

301: Keller A. Chronic contained aortic rupture presenting as anterior thigh pain. BMJ Case Rep. 2012 Nov 27;2012:bcr-2012-007287. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2012-007287. PMID: 23188858; PMCID: PMC4544197.

302: Jenis LG, Leclair WJ. Late vascular complication with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1994 Jun 1;19(11):1291-3. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199405310-00019. PMID: 8073324.

303: Sato K, Endo T, Niizuma K, Fujimura M, Inoue T, Shimizu H, Tominaga T. Concurrent dural and perimedullary arteriovenous fistulas at the craniocervical junction: case series with special reference to angioarchitecture. J Neurosurg. 2013 Feb;118(2):451-9. doi: 10.3171/2012.10.JNS121028. Epub 2012 Nov 23. PMID: 23176338.

304: Horsley M, Taylor TK, Sorby WA. Traction-induced rupture of an extracranial vertebral artery aneurysm associated with neurofibromatosis. A case report. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1997 Jan 15;22(2):225-7. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199701150-00019. PMID: 9122806.

305: Khalil IM, Alaraj AM, Otrock ZK, Chamoun RB, Sabbagh AS, Skaf GS. Aneurysmal bone cyst of the cervical spine in a child: case report and review of the surgical role. Surg Neurol. 2006 Mar;65(3):298-303; discussion 303. doi: 10.1016/j.surneu.2005.06.032. PMID: 16488257.

306: Iyori K, Kamiya K, Suzuki O, Kojima A, Kubota K, Ishimoto T, Kobayashi M, Shindo S, Tada Y. Identification of the critical spinal arteries with F wave- polysynaptic response complex monitoring: an experimental study. J Vasc Surg. 2001 Aug;34(2):330-6. doi: 10.1067/mva.2001.114816. PMID: 11496287.

307: Saberi H, Hashemi M, Habibi Z, Tayebi Meybodi A, Fakhr Tabatabai SA, Saberi H, Saboori S. Diagnostic accuracy of early computed tomographic angiography for visualizing medium sized inferior and posterior projecting carotid system aneurysms. Iran J Radiol. 2011 Nov;8(3):139-44. doi: 10.5812/kmp.iranjradiol.17351065.3135. Epub 2011 Nov 25. PMID: 23329930; PMCID: PMC3522323.

308: Ashizawa N, Tasaki H, Shibata R, Koide Y, Seto S, Yamachika S, Hazama S, Eishi K, Yano K. A rare case of aortic tube graft occlusion 35 years after coarctectomy. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003 Jun;75(6):1961-3. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(02)05015-4. PMID: 12822648.

309: Brunaud V, Delerue O, Muller JP, Destée A. Syndrome de Klippel-Trenaunay et complications neurologiques ischémiques [Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome and ischemic neurologic complications]. Rev Neurol (Paris). 1994;150(1):50-4. French. PMID: 7801041.

310: Voci P, Tritapepe L, Testa G, Caretta Q. Imaging of the anterior spinal artery by transesophageal color Doppler ultrasonography. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 1999 Oct;13(5):586-7. doi: 10.1016/s1053-0770(99)90012-5. PMID: 10527229.

311: Fukuda M, Aiba T, Takahashi S. Bilateral medial medullary infarction due to bilateral vertebral artery dissection. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2004 Mar;106(2):132-5. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2003.11.001. PMID: 15003305.

312: Ling F, Bao YH. Myelopathy and multiple aneurysms associated with aortic arch interruption: case report. Neurosurgery. 1994 Aug;35(2):310-3; discussion 313. doi: 10.1227/00006123-199408000-00020. PMID: 7969841.

313: Stewart GW, Elizondo ER, Harper K, Biundo JJ Jr. Paraplegia in a patient with Marfan's syndrome as a result of a thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994 Aug;75(8):921-3. doi: 10.1016/0003-9993(94)90119-8. PMID: 8053801.

314: Pearl MS, Wolinsky JP, Gailloud P. Preoperative embolization of primary spinal aneurysmal bone cysts by direct percutaneous intralesional injection of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2012 Jun;23(6):841-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2012.02.005. PMID: 22626272.

315: Suzuki S, Sekino E, Momokawa K, Kudo T, Ijun A. [Dissecting aneurysms of the aorta with neurologic symptom: anterior spinal artery syndrome (author's transl)]. Nihon Kyobu Geka Gakkai Zasshi. 1980 Feb;28(2):231-40. Japanese. PMID: 7381249.

316: Wolf HK, Anthony DC, Fuller GN. Arterial border zone necrosis of the spinal cord. Clin Neuropathol. 1990 Mar-Apr;9(2):60-5. PMID: 2187639.

317: Asahi T, Kashiwazaki D, Koh M, Matsumura N, Kuroda S. [Complete remission of consciousness disturbances and spasticity due to a severe subarachnoid hemorrhage after intrathecal baclofen therapy: a case report]. No Shinkei Geka. 2015 Mar;43(3):253-7. Japanese. doi: 10.11477/mf.1436202997. PMID: 25748812.

318: Seçkin H, Bavbek M, Dogan S, Keyik B, Yigitkanli K. Is every chronic low back pain benign? Case report. Surg Neurol. 2006 Oct;66(4):357-60; discussion 360. doi: 10.1016/j.surneu.2006.01.028. PMID: 17015104.

319: Cebula H, Boujan F, Beaujeux R, Boyer P, Froelich S. Tumeur à cellules géantes de C2 colonisée par un kyste anévrismal. À propos d'un cas [Giant cell tumor of the C2 colonized by an aneurismal bone cyst. Report of case]. Neurochirurgie. 2012 Dec;58(6):376-81. French. doi: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2012.03.008. Epub 2012 Jun 12. PMID: 22695034.

320: Laus M, Zappoli FA, Malaguti MC, Alfonso C. Intralesional surgery of primary tumors of the anterior cervical column. Chir Organi Mov. 1998 Jan- Jun;83(1-2):43-51. English, Italian. PMID: 9718814.

321: Goni V, Bahl A, Gopinathan NR, Krishnan V, Kumar R. Iatrogenic aortic pseudoaneurysm following anterior thoracic spine surgery masquerading as chronic infection. Chin J Traumatol. 2013;16(6):368-70. PMID: 24295586.

322: Tochii M, Ando M, Takagi Y, Yamashita M, Hoshino R, Akita K. Left axillary arterial perfusion for cerebrospinal protection in proximal descending aortic aneurysm. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2008 Dec;56(12):589-91. doi: 10.1007/s11748-008-0304-1. Epub 2008 Dec 16. PMID: 19085051.

323: Walls JT, Boley TM, Curtis JJ, Schmaltz RA. Experience with four surgical techniques to repair traumatic aortic pseudoaneurysm. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1993 Aug;106(2):283-7. PMID: 8341069.

324: Blacker DJ, Wijdicks EF, Ramakrishna G. Resolution of severe paraplegia due to aortic dissection after CSF drainage. Neurology. 2003 Jul 8;61(1):142-3. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000068526.26685.22. PMID: 12847182.

325: Ip EW, Bourke VC, Stacey MC, Begley P, Ritter JC. Hard to diagnose and potentially fatal: slow aortic erosion post spinal fusion. J Emerg Med. 2014 Mar;46(3):335-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2013.08.075. Epub 2013 Nov 22. PMID: 24268895.

326: Pogoda P, Linhart W, Priemel M, Rueger JM, Amling M. Aneurysmal bone cysts of the sacrum. Clinical report and review of the literature. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2003 Jun;123(5):247-51. doi: 10.1007/s00402-003-0496-x. Epub 2003 Apr 12. PMID: 12692673.

327: Fujiwara K, Mikawa S, Ebina T. [Continuous intrathecal administration of nicardipine using a portable infusion pump system for management of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage]. No Shinkei Geka. 2001 Jan;29(1):23-30. Japanese. Erratum in: No Shinkei Geka 2001 Feb;29(2):194. PMID: 11218763.

328: Baba H, Tanoue Y, Maeda T, Kobayashi M, Oda S, Tominaga R. Protective effects of cold spinoplegia with fasudil against ischemic spinal cord injury in rabbits. J Vasc Surg. 2010 Feb;51(2):445-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2009.10.081. PMID: 20141964.

329: Laus M, Alfonso C, Ferrari D, Gamberini G, Malaguti MC, Zappoli FA, Giunti A. Lateral retrovascular approach to the upper cervical spine. Chir Organi Mov. 1995 Jan-Mar;80(1):65-75. English, Italian. PMID: 7641544.

330: Martínez AJ, Sotelo-Avila C, Alcalá H, Willaert E. Granulomatous encephalitis, intracranial arteritis, and mycotic aneurysm due to a free-living ameba. Acta Neuropathol. 1980;49(1):7-12. doi: 10.1007/BF00692213. PMID: 6892586.

331: Luan JY, Li X. A misdiagnosed iliac pseudoaneurysm complicated lumbar disc surgery performed 13 years ago. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012 Dec 1;37(25):E1594-7. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318272fd3d. PMID: 22972513.

332: Stiefelhagen P. Von Kopfschmerz bis Koma. Neurologische Notfälle mit unerwarteter Ursache [From headache to coma. Neurologic emergencies with unexpected origin]. MMW Fortschr Med. 2006 Nov 9;148(45):17-8. German. PMID: 17615742.

333: Yang C, Takahashi O, Goto M, Ohnishi M, Koyama H, Noguchi Y, Matsui K, Asai A, Shimbo T, Fukui T. [Pseudoaneurysm of the thoracoabdominal aorta from colonic injury by the anterior fixation device]. Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi. 2002 Mar 10;91(3):1025-7. Japanese. doi: 10.2169/naika.91.1025. PMID: 11985074.

334: Latorre J, Rosendo A, Vidal J, Sarrias M. Isquemia medular post-cirugía de los aneurismas toraco-abdominales [Postoperative spinal cord ischemia in thoracoabdominal aneurysms]. Angiologia. 1991 Sep-Oct;43(5):204, 206-13. Spanish. PMID: 1755545.

335: Ljunggren B, Brandt L, Kågström E, Sundbärg G. Results of early operations for ruptured aneurysms. J Neurosurg. 1981 Apr;54(4):473-9. doi: 10.3171/jns.1981.54.4.0473. PMID: 7205349.

336: Vallée B, Besson G, Houidi K, Person H, Dam Hieu P, Rodriguez V, Mériot P, Sénécail B. L'extension latérale juxta- ou transcondylienne de la voie sous- occipitale postérieure. Etude anatomique, intérêt chirurgical [Juxta- or trans- condylar lateral extension of the posterior suboccipital approach. Anatomical study, surgical aspects]. Neurochirurgie. 1993;39(6):348-59. French. PMID: 7936045.

337: Ihaya A, Muraoka R, Morioka K, Uesaka T, Sasaki M, Noguchi H, Chiba Y. [Clinical study of the reliability of monitoring ESP during descending thoracic aortic surgery]. Kyobu Geka. 1995 Mar;48(3):194-7. Japanese. PMID: 7897897.

338: Nakayama T, Kanou M, Isshiki S, Sasaki H, Tominaga T, Ishitoya H, Kurobe H, Kitagawa T, Hiratani K, Hori T. [Preferable surgical approaches to the aortic root-arch in patients with functioning tracheostomy]. Kyobu Geka. 2010 Dec;63(13):1113-8. Japanese. PMID: 21174658.

339: Matsko DE, Panuntsev VS, Ivanova NE, Blagorazumova GP, Khasuev AU, Lakhteeva SV. Arteriovenous malformation of the cervical spinal cord with unusual drainage into the cranial cavity. Pathol Res Pract. 1996 Sep;192(9):942-7; discussion 948. doi: 10.1016/s0344-0338(96)80076-8. PMID: 8950761.

340: Gagliardi JA, Duff MK, Callahan T, Pannese JR. Abnormal aneurysmal dilatation of the internal carotid artery on angiography without abnormal finding at surgery: a case report. Conn Med. 2004 Jan;68(1):3-5. PMID: 14752911.

341: Sutton J, Nesbit RR Jr. Spinal cord ischemia following surgery for aortoiliac occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg. 1984 Sep;1(5):697-9. doi: 10.1067/mva.1984.avs0010697. PMID: 6502845.

342: Shcherbuk IuA, Gaĭdar BV, Parfenov VE, Svistov DV, Cherebillo VIu, Polezhaev AV, Kandyba DV. Videoéndoskopiia v neĭrokhirurgii [Video endoscopy in neurosurgery]. Vestn Khir Im I I Grek. 1998;157(4):12-6. Russian. PMID: 9825430.

343: Gelfenbeyn M, Vasil'ev S, Krylov V. Cerebellar haemorrhage after supratentorial aneurysm surgery with lumbar drainage. Neurosurg Rev. 2001 Dec;24(4):214-9. doi: 10.1007/s101430000144. PMID: 11778829.

344: Hagino RT, Clagett GP, Valentine RJ. A case of Pott's disease of the spine eroding into the suprarenal aorta. J Vasc Surg. 1996 Sep;24(3):482-6. doi: 10.1016/s0741-5214(96)70206-9. PMID: 8808972.

345: Chiba Y, Uesaka T, Morioka K, Kimura T, Ihaya A, Muraoka R. [A case of type A dissecting aneurysm who are complicated by paraplegia at the 4th day after emergent operation]. Kyobu Geka. 1998 Oct;51(11):961-5. Japanese. PMID: 9789428.

346: Dauphin C, Lusson JR, Legault B, Perez N, Motreff P, Langlade S, Boyer L, Lamaison D, de Riberolles C, Cassagnes J. Hématome extra-dural médullaire révélant une coarctation de l'aorte [Medullary extradural hematoma revealing a coarctation of the aorta]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 2001 May;94(5):513-7. French. PMID: 11434022.

347: Oyama H, Niwa M, Kida Y, Tanaka T, Yoshida K, Iwakoshi T, Kitamura R, Maezawa S, Kobayashi T. Effect of cisternal papaverine on cerebral blood flow in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage–three case reports. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 1997 Jan;37(1):49-54. doi: 10.2176/nmc.37.49. PMID: 9046805.

348: Tsuchida K, Hashimoto A, Seino R, Hirayama T, Aomi S, Koyanagi H. [Two cases reports of neurologic complications after aortic aneurysm operation]. Nihon Kyobu Geka Gakkai Zasshi. 1989 Sep;37(9):1995-2000. Japanese. PMID: 2600477.

349: Rovira M, Torrent O, González F, Romero F. Contribution to the study of the arterial nutrition of the cervical spinal cord. Neuroradiology. 1978;16:375-7. doi: 10.1007/BF00395309. PMID: 570651.

350: Salander JM, Youkey JR, Rich NM, Olson DW, Clagett GP. Vascular injury related to lumbar disk surgery. J Trauma. 1984 Jul;24(7):628-31. doi: 10.1097/00005373-198407000-00015. PMID: 6748126.

351: Mitsuhashi T, Hashimoto R. Isolated central nervous system arteriopathy with multiple aneurysms in an adolescent. A case report. Acta Pathol Jpn. 1991 May;41(5):369-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1991.tb01660.x. PMID: 1678241.

352: Lebedev VV, Kholodov SA, Platonova TK, Shelkovskiĭ VN, Krylov VV. O prognozirovanii povtornykh krovotecheniĭ iz razorvavshikhsia arterial'nykh anevrizm v ostrom periode [Prediction of recurrent hemorrhages from ruptured arterial aneurysms in the acute period]. Zh Nevropatol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 1986;86(9):1281-4. Russian. PMID: 3776404.

---

Ashour R, Filippidis A, Patel N. Ruptured Anterior Spinal Artery Aneurysm Associated with Bilateral Vertebral Artery Occlusion Treated by Surgical Clipping. World Neurosurg. 2015 Oct;84(4):1178.e11-3. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.06.010. Epub 2015 Jun 14. PubMed PMID: 26079782.