Dural arteriovenous fistula

• Sudden Prehospital Deaths From Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: A Population-Based Study
• Jugular foramen dural arteriovenous fistula: A case report and literature review
• Sequential and coexisting bilateral suboccipital cavernous sinus arteriovenous fistulas successfully treated with unilateral transvenous coil embolization: illustrative case
• Surgical treatment to resect giant intraspinal epidural cavernous hemangioma of Cobb syndrome: illustrative case
• Endovascular treatment of a craniocervical junction dural arteriovenous fistula associated with lateral medullary syndrome: A case report
• Single-cell transcriptome profiling reveals dynamic cell populations and immune infiltration in cerebral cavernous malformation
• Intradural venous engorgement of CSF-venous fistula mimics spinal dural arteriovenous fistula on MRI: A novel case report and review of literature
• Traumatic Middle Meningeal Arteriovenous Fistula Managed using Coil Embolization: A Case Report

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are pathologic vascular connections that shunt dural arterial flow directly to dural venous drainage.

DAVFs comprise 10–15% of all intracranial AVMs ¹⁾. 61–66% occur in females, and patients are usually in their 40 s or 50 s. They occur rarely in children, and when they do they tend to be complex, bilateral dural sinus malformations ²⁾

Dural arteriovenous fistulas can occur at any dural sinus but are found most frequently at the cavernous or transverse sinus.

Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula.

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula.

The etiology and pathophysiology of DAVFs is not fully understood. Several hypotheses for development of DAVF and classifications for predicting risk of hemorrhage and neurological deficit have been proposed to help clinical decision making according to its natural history ³⁾.

see Dural arteriovenous fistula formation.

Radical treatment is to obliterate the draining veins in any treatment modalities including endovascular treatment or surgical treatment. Radiosurgery is the last choice. Transvenous embolization plays the main role in the DAVF of the cavernous sinus and anterior condylar confluence. Transarterial embolization with Onyx has dramatically improved the obliteration rate of the transverse-sigmoid, superior sagittal sinuses, and other non-sinus lesions. Transarterial NBCA injection is still the gold standard in the endovascular treatment of the spinal dural and epidural AVFs. Understanding of the functional microvascular anatomy is mandatory, especially in the transarterial liquid injection (Onyx and NBCA). Surgical treatment in the DAVF of the anterior cranial base, craniocervical junction, tentorial region, and spine is a safe and radical treatment. Postoperative follow-up is necessary from the viewpoint of chronological and spacial multi-occurrence of this disease ⁴⁾.