Temporal Neocortex
1. Definition
- The temporal neocortex consists of the lateral and superior parts of the temporal lobe. - It is a six-layered (neocortical) structure, distinct from the three-layered hippocampus.
2. Main Anatomical Regions
| Region | Main Function |
|---|---|
| Superior Temporal Gyrus | Auditory processing, speech perception |
| Middle Temporal Gyrus | Language comprehension, semantic memory |
| Inferior Temporal Gyrus | Visual object recognition |
| Temporal Pole | Social and emotional processing |
| Fusiform Gyrus | Face and complex object recognition |
3. Functions
- Auditory processing (sound and language). - Language comprehension (especially left hemisphere). - Semantic memory (facts, general knowledge). - Visual processing (object recognition). - Social and emotional cognition.
4. Clinical Relevance
- Epilepsy: Temporal neocortical seizures affecting speech and memory. - Tumors and lesions: Risk of language and memory deficits. - Neurosurgery: Need to balance seizure control and functional preservation. - Neurodegenerative disorders: Atrophy associated with cognitive decline.
Summary
The temporal neocortex plays crucial roles in language, auditory processing, memory, and social cognition, with major clinical relevance in epilepsy and neurological disorders.