Spine surgery history

see https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7788429/

The first successful laminectomy was performed by Smith ¹⁾ in 1828 in the United States

In 2004, the SpineAssist (Mazor Robotics Ltd., Caesarea, Israel) was the first robot approved by the FDA for use in spinal surgery and remained one of the most widely used ²⁾. The SpineAssist is a shared-control robot that offers navigation superior to traditional intraoperative navigation. Although cost is a limiting factor, future generations of robots have immense potential to improve spine surgery for both patients and providers alike ³⁾.

¹⁾

Smith AG. Account of a case in which portions of three dorsal vertebrae were removed for the relief of paralysis from fracture, with partial success. N Am Med Surg J. 1829;8:94–7.

²⁾

Shweikeh F, Amadio JP, Arnell M, et al. Robotics and the spine: a review of current and ongoing applications. Neurosurg Focus. 2014;36:E10.

³⁾

D’Souza M, Gendreau J, Feng A, et al. Robotic-assisted spine surgery: history, efficacy, cost, and future trends. Robot Surg. 2019;6:9–23.