Spinal tumor classification

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Spinal tumors depending on their location, can be primary bone tumors of the spines or intraspinal tumors.

Primary spinal tumor

Secondary spinal tumor

Intradural spinal tumors.

Cervical spinal tumor

Thoracic spinal tumor

Lumbar spinal tumor.

May be classified into 3 groups based on the compartment involved. Although spinal metastases may be found in each area, they are most commonly extradural. Frequencies quoted below are from a general hospital, extradural lesions are less common in neurosurgical clinics because many of these tumors are managed by oncologists without requiring neurosurgical involvement.

1. extradural (ED) (55%): arise outside cord in vertebral bodies or epidural tissues (see Spinal epidural tumor)

2. intradural extramedullary (ID-EM) (40%): arise in leptomeninges or roots. Primarily spinal meningiomas and neurofibromas (together = 55% of ID-EM tumors)

3. intramedullary spinal cord tumors (IMSCT), 5%: arise in SC substance. Invade and destroy tracts and gray matter

▶ Spinal lymphoma. Lymphoma may occur in any of or all 3 compartments.

1. epidural

a) metastatic or secondary lymphoma: the most common form of spinal lymphoma. Spinal involvement occurs in 0.1–10% of patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

b) primary spinal epidural non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: rare. Completely epidural with no bony involvement. The existence of this entity is controversial, and some investigators feel that it represents extension of undetected retroperitoneal or vertebral body lymphoma. May have a better prognosis than secondary lymphoma

2. intramedullary

a) secondary

b) primary: very rare

Spinal meningioma

Spinal Metastases.

Spinal Schwannoma.