Spetzler Ponce classification

• Long-term health-related quality of life in patients with ruptured arteriovenous malformations treated in childhood
• Usefulness of Gradation Scales in the Surgical Treatment of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
• Long-term health-related quality of life in 262 patients with brain arteriovenous malformation
• Cerebral arteriovenous malformations - usability of Spetzler-Martin and Spetzler-Ponce scales in qualification to endovascular embolisation and neurosurgical procedure
• Arteriovenous malformations: classification to cure
• A 3-tier classification of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Clinical article

AVM grading and treatment (2010)

Class A

Spetzler-Martin AVM grading system 1 or 2 Microsurgical resection is preferred treatment. 8% chance on postoperative deficit (95% CI = 6-10)

Class B

Spetzler-Martin AVM grading system 3 Multimodality treatment 18% chance on postoperative deficit (95% CI = 15-22)

Class C

Spetzler-Martin AVM grading system 4-5 No treatment, with exception of recurrent hemorrhages, progressive neurological deficits, steal-related symptoms, and AVM-related aneurysms. 32% chance on postoperative deficit (95% CI = 27-38) ¹⁾.