Spasticity surgical treatment

In 1898 C.S. Sherrington described relief of muscle spasticity by posterior root section in decerebrate cats.

Cordectomy.

Cordotomy.

Electrical stimulation via percutaneously placed epidural electrodes.

Intrathecal Baclofen.

Intrathecal phenol.

Intramuscular neurolysis.

Intrathecal morphine.

Myelotomy.

Neurectomy.

Percutaneous radiofrecuency

Selective dorsal rhizotomy.

Selective anterior rhizotomy.

Spinal cord stimulation.

Stereotactic thalamotomy.

1: Munger ME, Aldahondo N, Krach LE, Novacheck TF, Schwartz MH. Long-term outcomes after selective dorsal rhizotomy: a retrospective matched cohort study. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2017 Nov;59(11):1196-1203. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13500. Epub 2017 Aug 8. PubMed PMID: 28786493.

2: Park TS, Liu JL, Edwards C, Walter DM, Dobbs MB. Functional Outcomes of Childhood Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy 20 to 28 Years Later. Cureus. 2017 May 17;9(5):e1256. doi: 10.7759/cureus.1256. PubMed PMID: 28649479; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5473717.

3: Daunter AK, Kratz AL, Hurvitz EA. Long-term impact of childhood selective dorsal rhizotomy on pain, fatigue, and function: a case-control study. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2017 Oct;59(10):1089-1095. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13481. Epub 2017 Jun 15. PubMed PMID: 28617943; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5610610.

4: Mata-Gómez J, Ortega-Martínez M, Valencia-Anguita J, Gilete-Tejero I, Royano-Sánchez M. Treatment of chronic traumatic C7-T1 grade III spondylolisthesis with mild neurological deficit: case report. J Spine Surg. 2017 Mar;3(1):82-86. doi: 10.21037/jss.2017.02.10. PubMed PMID: 28435924; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5386908.

5: Park TS, Edwards C, Liu JL, Walter DM, Dobbs MB. Beneficial Effects of Childhood Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy in Adulthood. Cureus. 2017 Mar 5;9(3):e1077. doi: 10.7759/cureus.1077. PubMed PMID: 28401027; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5382010.

6: Yoshida T, Nakamoto T, Kamibayashi T. Ultrasound-Guided Obturator Nerve Block: A Focused Review on Anatomy and Updated Techniques. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:7023750. doi: 10.1155/2017/7023750. Epub 2017 Feb 9. Review. PubMed PMID: 28280738; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5322453.

7: Robinson S, Robertson FC, Dasenbrock HH, O'Brien CP, Berde C, Padua H. Image-guided intrathecal baclofen pump catheter implantation: a technical note and case series. J Neurosurg Spine. 2017 May;26(5):621-627. doi: 10.3171/2016.8.SPINE16263. Epub 2017 Feb 3. PubMed PMID: 28156208.

8: Takamiya S, Sasamori T, Hamauchi S, Seki T, Kano T, Yabe I, Sasaki H, Houkin K. [Utility of Intraoperative Catheter Myelography during Intrathecal Baclofen Pump Implantation:Report of 2 Cases]. No Shinkei Geka. 2017 Jan;45(1):53-58. doi: 10.11477/mf.1436203449. Japanese. PubMed PMID: 28100863.

9: Vaquero J, Zurita M, Rico MA, Bonilla C, Aguayo C, Fernández C, Tapiador N, Sevilla M, Morejón C, Montilla J, Martínez F, Marín E, Bustamante S, Vázquez D, Carballido J, Rodríguez A, Martínez P, García C, Ovejero M, Fernández MV; Neurological Cell Therapy Group. Repeated subarachnoid administrations of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells supported in autologous plasma improve quality of life in patients suffering incomplete spinal cord injury. Cytotherapy. 2017 Mar;19(3):349-359. doi: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.12.002. Epub 2017 Jan 6. PubMed PMID: 28089079.

10: Buizer AI, van Schie PE, Bolster EA, van Ouwerkerk WJ, Strijers RL, van de Pol LA, Stadhouder A, Becher JG, Vermeulen RJ. Effect of selective dorsal rhizotomy on daily care and comfort in non-walking children and adolescents with severe spasticity. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2017 Mar;21(2):350-357. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.09.006. Epub 2016 Oct 22. PubMed PMID: 27908676.

11: Konar SK, Maiti TK, Bir SC, Nanda A. Spinal cordectomy: A new hope for morbid spinal conditions. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2017 Jan;152:5-11. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2016.11.003. Epub 2016 Nov 10. Review. PubMed PMID: 27846400.

12: Wilson S, Abode-Iyamah KO, Miller JW, Reddy CG, Safayi S, Fredericks DC, Jeffery ND, DeVries-Watson NA, Shivapour SK, Viljoen S, Dalm BD, Gibson-Corley KN, Johnson MD, Gillies GT, Howard MA 3rd. An ovine model of spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2017 May;40(3):346-360. doi: 10.1080/10790268.2016.1222475. Epub 2016 Oct 19. PubMed PMID: 27759502; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5472023.

13: Genet F, Schnitzler A, Droz-Bartholet F, Salga M, Tatu L, Debaud C, Denormandie P, Parratte B. Successive motor nerve blocks to identify the muscles causing a spasticity pattern: example of the arm flexion pattern. J Anat. 2017 Jan;230(1):106-116. doi: 10.1111/joa.12538. Epub 2016 Sep 6. PubMed PMID: 27595994.

1: Turżańska K, Zaborek S, Posturzyńska A, Niezbecka J, Zarębska A, Jabłoński M. [Peripheral nerves alcoholization in the spasticity managament]. Wiad Lek. 2016;69(4):631-636. Polish. PubMed PMID: 27941201.

2: Kiwerski J, Turżańska K, Pluta R, Drelich M, Zarębska A, Jabłoński M. [Peripheral nerves phenolisation in spasticity management - forgotten art or interesting perspective?]. Wiad Lek. 2016;69(4):621-626. Polish. PubMed PMID: 27941199.

3: Buizer AI, van Schie PE, Bolster EA, van Ouwerkerk WJ, Strijers RL, van de Pol LA, Stadhouder A, Becher JG, Vermeulen RJ. Effect of selective dorsal rhizotomy on daily care and comfort in non-walking children and adolescents with severe spasticity. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2017 Mar;21(2):350-357. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.09.006. Epub 2016 Oct 22. PubMed PMID: 27908676.

4: Konar SK, Maiti TK, Bir SC, Nanda A. Spinal cordectomy: A new hope for morbid spinal conditions. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2017 Jan;152:5-11. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2016.11.003. Epub 2016 Nov 10. Review. PubMed PMID: 27846400.

5: Wilson S, Abode-Iyamah KO, Miller JW, Reddy CG, Safayi S, Fredericks DC, Jeffery ND, DeVries-Watson NA, Shivapour SK, Viljoen S, Dalm BD, Gibson-Corley KN, Johnson MD, Gillies GT, Howard MA 3rd. An ovine model of spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2017 May;40(3):346-360. doi: 10.1080/10790268.2016.1222475. Epub 2016 Oct 19. PubMed PMID: 27759502; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5472023.

6: Genet F, Schnitzler A, Droz-Bartholet F, Salga M, Tatu L, Debaud C, Denormandie P, Parratte B. Successive motor nerve blocks to identify the muscles causing a spasticity pattern: example of the arm flexion pattern. J Anat. 2017 Jan;230(1):106-116. doi: 10.1111/joa.12538. Epub 2016 Sep 6. PubMed PMID: 27595994.

7: Lee CK, Jeon HR, Yoon DH, Kim KN, Yi S, Shin DA, Hosogane N, Cao K, Cho SR, Ha Y. Clinical Outcomes of Correcting Cervical Deformity in Cerebral Palsy Patients. World Neurosurg. 2016 Dec;96:500-509. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.08.101. Epub 2016 Sep 1. Erratum in: World Neurosurg. 2017 Sep;105:1028. PubMed PMID: 27593721.

8: Bales J, Apkon S, Osorio M, Kinney G, Robison RA, Hooper E, Browd S. Infra-Conus Single-Level Laminectomy for Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy: Technical Advance. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2016;51(6):284-291. Epub 2016 Aug 23. PubMed PMID: 27548353.

9: Pohl M, Bertram M. [Efficacy of early neurological and neurosurgical rehabilitation : Evidence-based treatment, outcome and prognostic factors]. Nervenarzt. 2016 Oct;87(10):1043-1050. Review. German. PubMed PMID: 27531205.

10: Iyer A, Azad TD, Tharin S. Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy. Clin Spine Surg. 2016 Dec;29(10):408-414. PubMed PMID: 27352369.

11: Sharma J, Bonfield C, Steinbok P. Selective dorsal rhizotomy for hereditary spastic paraparesis in children. Childs Nerv Syst. 2016 Aug;32(8):1489-94. doi: 10.1007/s00381-016-3122-2. Epub 2016 Jun 16. PubMed PMID: 27312078.

12: Dziadzko MA, Heritier F. Suprazygomatic Access for Continuous Bilateral Mandibular Nerve Block for Pain and Trismus Relief in the Tetraplegic Patient. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016 Oct;74(10):1947.e1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2016.05.013. Epub 2016 May 20. PubMed PMID: 27311845.

13: Vaquero J, Zurita M, Rico MA, Bonilla C, Aguayo C, Montilla J, Bustamante S, Carballido J, Marin E, Martinez F, Parajon A, Fernandez C, Reina LD; Neurological Cell Therapy Group. An approach to personalized cell therapy in chronic complete paraplegia: The Puerta de Hierro phase I/II clinical trial. Cytotherapy. 2016 Aug;18(8):1025-36. doi: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.05.003. Epub 2016 Jun 13. PubMed PMID: 27311799.

14: Tetreault L, Wilson JR, Kotter MR, Nouri A, Côté P, Kopjar B, Arnold PM, Fehlings MG. Predicting the minimum clinically important difference in patients undergoing surgery for the treatment of degenerative cervical myelopathy. Neurosurg Focus. 2016 Jun;40(6):E14. doi: 10.3171/2016.3.FOCUS1665. PubMed PMID: 27246484.

15: Grootveld LR, van Schie PE, Buizer AI, Jeroen Vermeulen R, van Ouwerkerk WJ, Strijers RL, Becher JJ. Sudden falls as a persistent complication of selective dorsal rhizotomy surgery in children with bilateral spasticity: report of 3 cases. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2016 Aug;18(2):192-5. doi: 10.3171/2016.2.PEDS15527. Epub 2016 Apr 22. PubMed PMID: 27104630.

16: Mazarakis NK, Vloeberghs MH. Spasticity secondary to Leigh syndrome managed with selective dorsal rhizotomy: a case report. Childs Nerv Syst. 2016 Sep;32(9):1745-8. doi: 10.1007/s00381-016-3071-9. Epub 2016 Apr 4. PubMed PMID: 27041374.

17: Foster M, Soh C, DuPlessis D, Karabatsou K. Circumferential intradural meningioma of the thoracic spinal cord. Spine J. 2016 Jul;16(7):e479-83. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2016.02.053. Epub 2016 Mar 3. PubMed PMID: 26949034.

18: Natale M, D'Oria S, Nero VV, Squillante E, Gentile M, Rotondo M. Long-term effects of intrathecal baclofen in multiple sclerosis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2016 Apr;143:121-5. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2016.02.016. Epub 2016 Feb 16. PubMed PMID: 26922704.

19: Spader HS, Bollo RJ, Bowers CA, Riva-Cambrin J. Risk factors for baclofen pump infection in children: a multivariate analysis. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2016 Jun;17(6):756-62. doi: 10.3171/2015.11.PEDS15421. Epub 2016 Feb 26. PubMed PMID: 26919315.

20: Lumsden DE, Ashmore J, Ball G, Charles-Edwards G, Selway R, Ashkan K, Lin JP. Fractional anisotropy in children with dystonia or spasticity correlates with the selection for DBS or ITB movement disorder surgery. Neuroradiology. 2016 Apr;58(4):401-8. doi: 10.1007/s00234-015-1639-9. Epub 2016 Jan 12. PubMed PMID: 26759316; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4819774.

21: Funk JF, Haberl H. Monosegmental laminoplasty for selective dorsal rhizotomy–operative technique and influence on the development of scoliosis in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy. Childs Nerv Syst. 2016 May;32(5):819-25. doi: 10.1007/s00381-016-3016-3. Epub 2016 Jan 13. PubMed PMID: 26759019.

22: Barakat MI, Elhady W, Gouda M, Taha M, Metwaly I. Surgical management of intractable spasticity. Eur Spine J. 2016 Mar;25(3):928-35. doi: 10.1007/s00586-015-4326-y. Epub 2015 Dec 14. Retraction in: Eur Spine J. doi/10.1007/s00586-016-4547-8. Barakat MI, Elhady W, Gouda M, Taha M, Metwaly I. Eur Spine J. 2016 Aug;25(8):2676. PubMed PMID: 26667812.

23: Parot C, Leclercq C. Anatomical study of the motor branches of the median nerve to the forearm and guidelines for selective neurectomy. Surg Radiol Anat. 2016 Jul;38(5):597-604. doi: 10.1007/s00276-015-1593-6. Epub 2015 Dec 9. PubMed PMID: 26650049.

24: Devine O, Harborne A, Lo WB, Weinberg D, Ciras M, Price R. Unusual placement of intrathecal baclofen pumps: report of two cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2016 Jan;158(1):167-70. doi: 10.1007/s00701-015-2636-9. Epub 2015 Nov 23. PubMed PMID: 26592253; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4684582.

25: Ingale H, Ughratdar I, Muquit S, Moussa AA, Vloeberghs MH. Selective dorsal rhizotomy as an alternative to intrathecal baclofen pump replacement in GMFCS grades 4 and 5 children. Childs Nerv Syst. 2016 Feb;32(2):321-5. doi: 10.1007/s00381-015-2950-9. Epub 2015 Nov 9. PubMed PMID: 26552383.

26: Pompili A, Caroli F, Crispo F, Giovannetti M, Raus L, Vidiri A, Telera S. Unilateral Laminectomy Approach for the Removal of Spinal Meningiomas and Schwannomas: Impact on Pain, Spinal Stability, and Neurologic Results. World Neurosurg. 2016 Jan;85:282-91. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.09.099. Epub 2015 Oct 22. PubMed PMID: 26475380.

27: Muquit S, Ammar A, Nasto L, Moussa AA, Mehdian H, Vloeberghs MH. Combined selective dorsal rhizotomy and scoliosis correction procedure in patients with cerebral palsy. Eur Spine J. 2016 Feb;25(2):372-6. doi: 10.1007/s00586-015-4179-4. Epub 2015 Aug 20. PubMed PMID: 26289633.

28: Pancucci G, Perez-Prat G, Rivero-Garvía M, Mayorga-Buiza MJ, Marquez-Rivas J. Subfascial expansive plasty for intrathecal baclofen pump replacement. A technical note. J Spinal Cord Med. 2016;39(1):118-20. doi: 10.1179/2045772315Y.0000000019. Epub 2015 May 3. PubMed PMID: 25936401; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4725782.