Ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) is a component of the 40S ribosomal subunit and is therefore thought to be involved in regulating translation. While the true function of rpS6 is currently under investigation, studies have shown that it is involved in the regulation of cell size, cell proliferation, and glucose homeostasis.
Studies show that the p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinases (S6K1 and S6K2) and p90 ribsomal protein S6 kinases (RSK) both phosphorylate rpS6 and that S6K1 and S6K2 predominate this function.
Rossini et al., investigated the expression of pS6 (downstream target) and pPDK1-pAkt (upstream targets) as evidence for mTOR pathway activation and their co-expression with Interleukin 1 beta in FCD II surgical specimens and compared the findings with control non-epileptic tissue, non-malformed epileptic tissue or acquired epilepsy-Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE) occasionally presenting pS6 and Interleukin-1β positive abnormal neurons. Downstream mTOR activation was demonstrated in almost all abnormal cells in both FCD II and RE. Conversely, upstream activation in FCD II was observed in the majority of BCs, in a proportion of DNs, not presenting Interleukin-1β expression, but not at all in RE scattered abnormal neurons. Based on these findings we suggest that the presence of BCs and DNs in FCD II could be due to a first upstream mTOR pathway PI3K-Akt-mediate event occurring very early during cortical development in the large proportion of abnormal cells; followed by the appearance of additional pS6 positive DNs promoted by the presence of a later inflammatory processes 1).
Unclassified
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