Real-world validation refers to the process of evaluating a model, intervention, device, or strategy under actual usage conditions, outside of controlled or experimental settings.

• Medicine: Validation of clinical scores (e.g., HERMES-24 Score) using real-world data from hospital records or patient registries.
• Artificial Intelligence: Testing models on noisy, unstructured, or biased data typically encountered in operational environments.
• Pharmaceuticals: Post-marketing studies to confirm drug efficacy and safety in broader, more diverse populations.
• Engineering: Field testing of devices, software, or systems under variable and realistic conditions.