PPAR agonist

1: Li YF, Ren X, Zhang L, Wang YH, Chen T. Microglial polarization in TBI: Signaling pathways and influencing pharmaceuticals. Front Aging Neurosci. 2022 Aug 1;14:901117. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.901117. PMID: 35978950; PMCID: PMC9376354.

2: Liang H, Tang T, Huang H, Li T, Gao C, Han Y, Yuan B, Gao S, Wang H, Zhou ML. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ ameliorates neuronal ferroptosis after traumatic brain injury in mice by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2. Exp Neurol. 2022 Aug;354:114100. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114100. Epub 2022 Apr 29. PMID: 35490721.

3: Meng X, Zhang Y, Li Z, Hu J, Zhang D, Cao W, Li M, Ma G, Wang S, Cui P, Cai Q, Huang G. A novel natural PPARγ agonist, Gypenoside LXXV, ameliorates cognitive deficits by enhancing brain glucose uptake via the activation of Akt/GLUT4 signaling in db/db mice. Phytother Res. 2022 Apr;36(4):1770-1784. doi: 10.1002/ptr.7413. Epub 2022 Feb 22. PMID: 35192202.

4: Xie S, Jiang X, Doycheva DM, Shi H, Jin P, Gao L, Liu R, Xiao J, Hu X, Tang J, Zhang L, Zhang JH. Activation of GPR39 with TC-G 1008 attenuates neuroinflammation via SIRT1/PGC-1α/Nrf2 pathway post-neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injury in rats. J Neuroinflammation. 2021 Oct 13;18(1):226. doi: 10.1186/s12974-021-02289-7. PMID: 34645465; PMCID: PMC8513331.

5: Li Z, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Liu W, Zhang X, Li W, Zhang D, Cai Q, Wang S, Meng X, Huang G. Intranasal 15d-PGJ2 ameliorates brain glucose hypometabolism via PPARγ- dependent activation of PGC-1α/GLUT4 signalling in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Neuropharmacology. 2021 Sep 15;196:108685. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108685. Epub 2021 Jun 24. PMID: 34175325.

6: Zhu W, Zhao H, Xu F, Huang B, Dai X, Sun J, Nyalali AMK, Zhang K, Ni S. The lipid-lowering drug fenofibrate combined with si-HOTAIR can effectively inhibit the proliferation of gliomas. BMC Cancer. 2021 Jun 3;21(1):664. doi: 10.1186/s12885-021-08417-z. PMID: 34082742; PMCID: PMC8173837.

7: Wei ST, Huang YC, Chiang JY, Lin CC, Lin YJ, Shyu WC, Chen HC, Hsieh CH. Gain of CXCR7 function with mesenchymal stem cell therapy ameliorates experimental arthritis via enhancing tissue regeneration and immunomodulation. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2021 May 29;12(1):314. doi: 10.1186/s13287-021-02402-w. PMID: 34051857; PMCID: PMC8164772.

8: Zhou Y, Wang X, Guo L, Chen L, Zhang M, Chen X, Li J, Zhang L. TRPV1 activation inhibits phenotypic switching and oxidative stress in vascular smooth muscle cells by upregulating PPARα. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2021 Mar 19;545:157-163. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.01.072. Epub 2021 Feb 4. PMID: 33550097.

9: Hasegawa H, Yatomi K, Mitome-Mishima Y, Miyamoto N, Tanaka R, Oishi H, Arai H, Hattori N, Urabe T. Pioglitazone Prevents Hemorrhagic Infarction After Transient Focal Ischemia in Type 2 Diabetes. Neurosci Res. 2021 Sep;170:314-321. doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.09.004. Epub 2020 Dec 11. PMID: 33309864.

10: Keledjian K, Tsymbalyuk O, Semick S, Moyer M, Negoita S, Kim K, Ivanova S, Gerzanich V, Simard JM. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist, rosiglitazone, ameliorates neurofunctional and neuroinflammatory abnormalities in a rat model of Gulf War Illness. PLoS One. 2020 Nov 13;15(11):e0242427. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242427. PMID: 33186383; PMCID: PMC7665704.

11: Gamdzyk M, Doycheva DM, Kang R, Tang H, Travis ZD, Tang J, Zhang JH. GW0742 activates miR-17-5p and inhibits TXNIP/NLRP3-mediated inflammation after hypoxic-ischaemic injury in rats and in PC12 cells. J Cell Mol Med. 2020 Nov;24(21):12318-12330. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.15698. Epub 2020 Oct 9. PMID: 33034416; PMCID: PMC7686982.

12: Zhuang J, Peng Y, Gu C, Chen H, Lin Z, Zhou H, Wu X, Li J, Yu X, Cao Y, Zeng H, Fu X, Xu C, Huang P, Cao S, Wang C, Yan F, Chen G. Wogonin Accelerates Hematoma Clearance and Improves Neurological Outcome via the PPAR-γ Pathway After Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res. 2021 Aug;12(4):660-675. doi: 10.1007/s12975-020-00842-9. Epub 2020 Sep 12. PMID: 32918259.

13: Vogas RS, Pereira MTM, Duarte LS, Carneiro MJ, Farsura AF, Machado JAMM, Costa IF, TomÉ MRN, Milton FA, Neves FAR, Andreo MA, Lopez BG, Sawaya ACHF, Pascoal VDB, Pascoal ACRF. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory potential of Solidago microglossa (Arnica-brasileira) in vivo and its effects on PPARγ activity. An Acad Bras Cienc. 2020;92(2):e20191201. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765202020191201. Epub 2020 Aug 12. PMID: 32813866.

14: Altinoz MA, Elmaci İ, Hacimuftuoglu A, Ozpinar A, Hacker E, Ozpinar A. PPARδ and its ligand erucic acid may act anti-tumoral, neuroprotective, and myelin protective in neuroblastoma, glioblastoma, and Parkinson's disease. Mol Aspects Med. 2021 Apr;78:100871. doi: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100871. Epub 2020 Jul 20. PMID: 32703610.

15: Metzger JM, Lopez MS, Schmidt JK, Murphy ME, Vemuganti R, Emborg ME. Effects of Cardiac Sympathetic Neurodegeneration and PPAR<i>γ</i> Activation on Rhesus Macaque Whole Blood miRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles. Biomed Res Int. 2020 May 2;2020:9426204. doi: 10.1155/2020/9426204. PMID: 32462037; PMCID: PMC7212295.

16: Sui X, Yoshioka H, Wakai T, Fukumoto Y, Kinouchi H. Neuroprotective effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist through activation of Akt and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 in transient forebrain ischemia. Neuroreport. 2020 Apr 8;31(6):484-489. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000001434. PMID: 32243355.

17: Zhou X, He C, Ren J, Dai C, Stevens SR, Wang Q, Zamler D, Shingu T, Yuan L, Chandregowda CR, Wang Y, Ravikumar V, Rao AU, Zhou F, Zheng H, Rasband MN, Chen Y, Lan F, Heimberger AB, Segal BM, Hu J. Mature myelin maintenance requires Qki to coactivate PPARβ-RXRα-mediated lipid metabolism. J Clin Invest. 2020 May 1;130(5):2220-2236. doi: 10.1172/JCI131800. PMID: 32202512; PMCID: PMC7191000.

18: Zhao JL, Chen YJ, Yu J, Du ZY, Yuan Q, Sun YR, Wu X, Li ZQ, Wu XH, Hu J, Xie R. ISO-alpha-acids improve the hematoma resolution and prevent peri-hematoma inflammations by transforming microglia via PPARgamma-CD36 axis in ICH rats. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020 Jun;83:106396. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106396. Epub 2020 Mar 16. PMID: 32193103.

19: Altinoz MA, Ozpinar A, Ozpinar A, Hacker E. Erucic acid, a nutritional PPARδ-ligand may influence Huntington's disease pathogenesis. Metab Brain Dis. 2020 Jan;35(1):1-9. doi: 10.1007/s11011-019-00500-6. Epub 2019 Oct 17. PMID: 31625071.

20: Halstead MR, Geocadin RG. The Medical Management of Cerebral Edema: Past, Present, and Future Therapies. Neurotherapeutics. 2019 Oct;16(4):1133-1148. doi: 10.1007/s13311-019-00779-4. PMID: 31512062; PMCID: PMC6985348.

21: Ren T, Liu J, Ge Y, Zhuo R, Peng L, Liu F, Jin X, Yang L. Chronic oleoylethanolamide treatment attenuates diabetes-induced mice encephalopathy by triggering peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in the hippocampus. Neurochem Int. 2019 Oct;129:104501. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104501. Epub 2019 Jul 9. PMID: 31299417.

22: Yu J, Zheng J, Lu J, Sun Z, Wang Z, Zhang J. AdipoRon Protects Against Secondary Brain Injury After Intracerebral Hemorrhage via Alleviating Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Possible Involvement of AdipoR1-AMPK-PGC1α Pathway. Neurochem Res. 2019 Jul;44(7):1678-1689. doi: 10.1007/s11064-019-02794-5. Epub 2019 Apr 13. PMID: 30982205.

23: Zuo Y, Huang L, Enkhjargal B, Xu W, Umut O, Travis ZD, Zhang G, Tang J, Liu F, Zhang JH. Activation of retinoid X receptor by bexarotene attenuates neuroinflammation via PPARγ/SIRT6/FoxO3a pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. J Neuroinflammation. 2019 Feb 21;16(1):47. doi: 10.1186/s12974-019-1432-5. PMID: 30791908; PMCID: PMC6385420.

24: Oyefiade A, Erdman L, Goldenberg A, Malkin D, Bouffet E, Taylor MD, Ramaswamy V, Scantlebury N, Law N, Mabbott DJ. PPAR and GST polymorphisms may predict changes in intellectual functioning in medulloblastoma survivors. J Neurooncol. 2019 Mar;142(1):39-48. doi: 10.1007/s11060-018-03083-x. Epub 2019 Jan 3. PMID: 30607709.

25: Zhao Y, Wei X, Song J, Zhang M, Huang T, Qin J. Peroxisome Proliferator- Activated Receptor γ Agonist Rosiglitazone Protects Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity Following Diffuse Axonal Injury by Decreasing the Levels of Inflammatory Mediators Through a Caveolin-1-Dependent Pathway. Inflammation. 2019 Jun;42(3):841-856. doi: 10.1007/s10753-018-0940-2. PMID: 30488141.

26: Gamdzyk M, Doycheva DM, Malaguit J, Enkhjargal B, Tang J, Zhang JH. Role of PPAR-β/δ/miR-17/TXNIP pathway in neuronal apoptosis after neonatal hypoxic- ischemic injury in rats. Neuropharmacology. 2018 Sep 15;140:150-161. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.08.003. Epub 2018 Aug 4. PMID: 30086290; PMCID: PMC6223650.

27: He J, Liu H, Zhong J, Guo Z, Wu J, Zhang H, Huang Z, Jiang L, Li H, Zhang Z, Liu L, Wu Y, Qi L, Sun X, Cheng C. Bexarotene protects against neurotoxicity partially through a PPARγ-dependent mechanism in mice following traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis. 2018 Sep;117:114-124. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.06.003. Epub 2018 Jun 7. PMID: 29886067.

28: Wen L, You W, Wang H, Meng Y, Feng J, Yang X. Polarization of Microglia to the M2 Phenotype in a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma-Dependent Manner Attenuates Axonal Injury Induced by Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. J Neurotrauma. 2018 Oct 1;35(19):2330-2340. doi: 10.1089/neu.2017.5540. Epub 2018 Jun 7. PMID: 29649924.

29: Ren T, Yang WS, Lin Y, Liu JF, Li Y, Yang LC, Zeng KY, Peng L, Liu YJ, Ye ZH, Luo XM, Ke YJ, Diao Y, Jin X. A novel PPARα/γ agonist, propane-2-sulfonic acid octadec-9-enyl-amide, ameliorates insulin resistance and gluconeogenesis in vivo and vitro. Eur J Pharmacol. 2018 May 5;826:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.029. Epub 2018 Feb 22. PMID: 29476879.

30: Liu Y, Shi L, Liu Y, Li P, Jiang G, Gao X, Zhang Y, Jiang C, Zhu W, Han H, Ju F. Activation of PPARγ mediates icaritin-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in glioblastoma multiforme. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Apr;100:358-366. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.006. Epub 2018 Feb 16. PMID: 29453045.

31: Xu J, Lv S, Hou Y, Xu K, Sun D, Zheng Y, Zhang Z, Li X, Li Y, Chi G. <i>miR-27b</i> promotes type II collagen expression by targetting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 during rat articular chondrocyte differentiation. Biosci Rep. 2018 Jan 10;38(1):BSR20171109. doi: 10.1042/BSR20171109. PMID: 29187585; PMCID: PMC6435457.

32: Kinouchi T, Kitazato KT, Shimada K, Yagi K, Tada Y, Matsushita N, Kurashiki Y, Satomi J, Sata M, Nagahiro S. Treatment with the PPARγ Agonist Pioglitazone in the Early Post-ischemia Phase Inhibits Pro-inflammatory Responses and Promotes Neurogenesis Via the Activation of Innate- and Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells in Rats. Transl Stroke Res. 2018 Jun;9(3):306-316. doi: 10.1007/s12975-017-0577-8. Epub 2017 Nov 6. Erratum in: Transl Stroke Res. 2017 Nov 26;: PMID: 29110250; PMCID: PMC5982463.

33: Li Y, Xu L, Zeng K, Xu Z, Suo D, Peng L, Ren T, Sun Z, Yang W, Jin X, Yang L. Propane-2-sulfonic acid octadec-9-enyl-amide, a novel PPARα/γ dual agonist, protects against ischemia-induced brain damage in mice by inhibiting inflammatory responses. Brain Behav Immun. 2017 Nov;66:289-301. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.07.015. Epub 2017 Jul 21. PMID: 28736035.

34: Yuan J, Ge H, Liu W, Zhu H, Chen Y, Zhang X, Yang Y, Yin Y, Chen W, Wu W, Yang Y, Lin J. M2 microglia promotes neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis from neural stem/progenitor cells via the PPARγ signaling pathway. Oncotarget. 2017 Mar 21;8(12):19855-19865. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.15774. PMID: 28423639; PMCID: PMC5386728.

35: Nishio T, Taura K, Iwaisako K, Koyama Y, Tanabe K, Yamamoto G, Okuda Y, Ikeno Y, Yoshino K, Kasai Y, Okuno M, Seo S, Sakurai T, Asagiri M, Hatano E, Uemoto S. Hepatic vagus nerve regulates Kupffer cell activation via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Gastroenterol. 2017 Aug;52(8):965-976. doi: 10.1007/s00535-016-1304-z. Epub 2017 Jan 2. PMID: 28044208.

36: Haynes HR, White P, Hares KM, Redondo J, Kemp KC, Singleton WGB, Killick- Cole CL, Stevens JR, Garadi K, Guglani S, Wilkins A, Kurian KM. The transcription factor PPARα is overexpressed and is associated with a favourable prognosis in IDH-wildtype primary glioblastoma. Histopathology. 2017 Jun;70(7):1030-1043. doi: 10.1111/his.13142. Epub 2017 Mar 23. PMID: 27926792.

37: Xu H, You Z, Wu Z, Zhou L, Shen J, Gu Z. WY14643 Attenuates the Scopolamine- Induced Memory Impairments in Mice. Neurochem Res. 2016 Nov;41(11):2868-2879. doi: 10.1007/s11064-016-2002-1. Epub 2016 Jul 16. PMID: 27422264.

38: de la Monte SM, Tong M, Schiano I, Didsbury J. Improved Brain Insulin/IGF Signaling and Reduced Neuroinflammation with T3D-959 in an Experimental Model of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;55(2):849-864. doi: 10.3233/JAD-160656. PMID: 27802237; PMCID: PMC5575806.

39: Zhou H, Yang WS, Li Y, Ren T, Peng L, Guo H, Liu JF, Zhou Y, Zhao Y, Yang LC, Jin X. Oleoylethanolamide attenuates apoptosis by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in mice with acute ischemic stroke. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2017 Jan;390(1):77-84. doi: 10.1007/s00210-016-1309-4. Epub 2016 Oct 13. PMID: 27738712.

40: Tong M, Dominguez C, Didsbury J, de la Monte SM. Targeting Alzheimer's Disease Neuro-Metabolic Dysfunction with a Small Molecule Nuclear Receptor Agonist (T3D-959) Reverses Disease Pathologies. J Alzheimers Dis Parkinsonism. 2016 Jun;6(3):238. doi: 10.4172/2161-0460.1000238. Epub 2016 Jun 3. PMID: 27525190; PMCID: PMC4979550.

41: Qu B, Ma Y, Yan M, Gong K, Liang F, Deng S, Jiang K, Ma Z, Pan X. Sirtuin1 promotes osteogenic differentiation through downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in MC3T3-E1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2016 Sep 9;478(1):439-445. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.154. Epub 2016 Jul 1. PMID: 27378422.

42: Kim H, Edwards NJ, Choi HA, Chang TR, Jo KW, Lee K. Treatment Strategies to Attenuate Perihematomal Edema in Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage. World Neurosurg. 2016 Oct;94:32-41. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.06.093. Epub 2016 Jun 29. PMID: 27373415.

43: Ibarra-Lara L, Del Valle-Mondragón L, Soria-Castro E, Torres-Narváez JC, Pérez-Severiano F, Sánchez-Aguilar M, Ramírez-Ortega M, Cervantes-Pérez LG, Pastelín-Hernández GS, Oidor-Chan VH, Zarco-Olvera G, Sánchez-Mendoza A. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α stimulation by clofibrate favors an antioxidant and vasodilator environment in a stressed left ventricle. Pharmacol Rep. 2016 Aug;68(4):692-702. doi: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.03.002. Epub 2016 Mar 21. PMID: 27110876.

44: Liu H, Rose ME, Culver S, Ma X, Dixon CE, Graham SH. Rosiglitazone attenuates inflammation and CA3 neuronal loss following traumatic brain injury in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2016 Apr 15;472(4):648-55. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.003. Epub 2016 Mar 3. PMID: 26947332.

45: Rotondi S, Modarelli A, Oliva MA, Rostomyan L, Sanita P, Ventura L, Daly AF, Esposito V, Angelucci A, Arcella A, Giangaspero F, Beckers A, Jaffrain-Rea ML. Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor alpha (PPARα) in somatotropinomas: Relationship with Aryl hydrocarbon receptor Interacting Protein (AIP) and in vitro effects of fenofibrate in GH3 cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2016 May 5;426:61-72. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.02.005. Epub 2016 Feb 10. PMID: 26872613.

46: Tong M, Deochand C, Didsbury J, de la Monte SM. T3D-959: A Multi-Faceted Disease Remedial Drug Candidate for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2016;51(1):123-38. doi: 10.3233/JAD-151013. PMID: 26836193; PMCID: PMC5577391.

47: Teng Z, Jiang L, Hu Q, He Y, Guo Z, Wu Y, Huang Z, Cao F, Cheng C, Sun X, Guo Z. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor β/δ Alleviates Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Stroke. 2016 Jan;47(1):196-205. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.011701. Epub 2015 Dec 1. PMID: 26628385.

48: Niu HS, Ku PM, Niu CS, Cheng JT, Lee KS. Development of PPAR-agonist GW0742 as antidiabetic drug: study in animals. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015 Oct 14;9:5625-32. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S95045. PMID: 26508837; PMCID: PMC4610778.

49: Yao J, Zheng K, Zhang X. Rosiglitazone exerts neuroprotective effects via the suppression of neuronal autophagy and apoptosis in the cortex following traumatic brain injury. Mol Med Rep. 2015 Nov;12(5):6591-7. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4292. Epub 2015 Sep 7. PMID: 26351751; PMCID: PMC4626137.

50: Han D, Wei W, Chen X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wang X, Yu T, Hu Q, Liu N, You Y. NF-κB/RelA-PKM2 mediates inhibition of glycolysis by fenofibrate in glioblastoma cells. Oncotarget. 2015 Sep 22;6(28):26119-28. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.4444. PMID: 26172294; PMCID: PMC4694890.

51: Ching J, Amiridis S, Stylli SS, Bjorksten AR, Kountouri N, Zheng T, Paradiso L, Luwor RB, Morokoff AP, O'Brien TJ, Kaye AH. The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone increases functional expression of the glutamate transporter excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) in human glioblastoma cells. Oncotarget. 2015 Aug 28;6(25):21301-14. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.4019. PMID: 26046374; PMCID: PMC4673266.

52: Kim JA, Roy RR, Zhong H, Alaynick WA, Embler E, Jang C, Gomez G, Sonoda T, Evans RM, Edgerton VR. PPARδ preserves a high resistance to fatigue in the mouse medial gastrocnemius after spinal cord transection. Muscle Nerve. 2016 Feb;53(2):287-96. doi: 10.1002/mus.24723. Epub 2015 Nov 26. PMID: 26044200; PMCID: PMC4670275.

53: Shimada K, Furukawa H, Wada K, Korai M, Wei Y, Tada Y, Kuwabara A, Shikata F, Kitazato KT, Nagahiro S, Lawton MT, Hashimoto T. Protective Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ in the Development of Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture. Stroke. 2015 Jun;46(6):1664-72. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.007722. Epub 2015 Apr 30. PMID: 25931465; PMCID: PMC4447500.

54: Sumiyoshi M, Satomi J, Kitazato KT, Yagi K, Shimada K, Kurashiki Y, Korai M, Miyamoto T, Suzue R, Kuwayama K, Nagahiro S. PPARγ-Dependent and -Independent Inhibition of the HMGB1/TLR9 Pathway by Eicosapentaenoic Acid Attenuates Ischemic Brain Damage in Ovariectomized Rats. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2015 Jun;24(6):1187-95. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.01.009. Epub 2015 Apr 25. PMID: 25920754.

55: Ibarra-Lara L, Sánchez-Aguilar M, Hong E, del Valle-Mondragón L, Soria- Castro E, Pérez-Severiano F, Torres-Narváez JC, Ramírez-Ortega M, Pastelín- Hernández GS, Cervantes-Pérez LG, Sánchez-Mendoza A. PPARα Stimulation Modulates Myocardial Ischemia-induced Activation of Renin-Angiotensin System. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2015 May;65(5):430-7. doi: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000000186. PMID: 25658458.

56: Payandemehr B, Ebrahimi A, Gholizadeh R, Rahimian R, Varastehmoradi B, Gooshe M, Aghaei HN, Mousavizadeh K, Dehpour AR. Involvement of PPAR receptors in the anticonvulsant effects of a cannabinoid agonist, WIN 55,212-2. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2015 Mar 3;57:140-5. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.11.005. Epub 2014 Nov 13. PMID: 25448777.

57: Ching J, Amiridis S, Stylli SS, Morokoff AP, O'Brien TJ, Kaye AH. A novel treatment strategy for glioblastoma multiforme and glioma associated seizures: increasing glutamate uptake with PPARγ agonists. J Clin Neurosci. 2015 Jan;22(1):21-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.09.001. Epub 2014 Nov 22. PMID: 25439749.

58: Qin H, Tan W, Zhang Z, Bao L, Shen H, Wang F, Xu F, Wang Z. 15d-prostaglandin J2 protects cortical neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injury: involvement of inhibiting autophagy through upregulation of Bcl-2. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2015 Apr;35(3):303-312. doi: 10.1007/s10571-014-0125-y. Epub 2014 Oct 28. PMID: 25349027.

59: Shi Y, Luan W, Tao T, Wang J, Qian J, Dong Q, Liu N, You Y. [Expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor in glioma and its effect on the growth of human glioma cells]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi. 2014 Jun;31(3):317-21. Chinese. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1003-9406.2014.03.013. PMID: 24928010.

60: Tsai CC, Lee KS, Chen SH, Chen LJ, Liu KF, Cheng JT. Decrease of PPARδ in Type-1-Like Diabetic Rat for Higher Mortality after Spinal Cord Injury. PPAR Res. 2014;2014:456386. doi: 10.1155/2014/456386. Epub 2014 Apr 10. PMID: 24817882; PMCID: PMC4003751.

61: Chao X, Xiong C, Dong W, Qu Y, Ning W, Liu W, Han F, Ma Y, Wang R, Fei Z, Han H. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ attenuates acute ischemic stroke on middle cerebral ischemia occlusion in rats. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2014 Jul;23(6):1396-402. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.11.021. Epub 2014 Apr 26. PMID: 24774438.

62: Chen LJ, Cheng MF, Ku PM, Lin JW. Rosiglitazone increases cerebral klotho expression to reverse baroreflex in type 1-like diabetic rats. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:309151. doi: 10.1155/2014/309151. Epub 2014 Feb 13. PMID: 24683546; PMCID: PMC3943406.

63: Binello E, Mormone E, Emdad L, Kothari H, Germano IM. Characterization of fenofibrate-mediated anti-proliferative pro-apoptotic effects on high-grade gliomas and anti-invasive effects on glioma stem cells. J Neurooncol. 2014 Apr;117(2):225-34. doi: 10.1007/s11060-014-1385-6. Epub 2014 Feb 4. PMID: 24493576.

64: Xu F, Li J, Ni W, Shen YW, Zhang XP. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist 15d-prostaglandin J2 mediates neuronal autophagy after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e55080. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055080. Epub 2013 Jan 25. PMID: 23372817; PMCID: PMC3555818.

65: Okami N, Narasimhan P, Yoshioka H, Sakata H, Kim GS, Jung JE, Maier CM, Chan PH. Prevention of JNK phosphorylation as a mechanism for rosiglitazone in neuroprotection after transient cerebral ischemia: activation of dual specificity phosphatase. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2013 Jan;33(1):106-14. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.138. Epub 2012 Oct 3. PMID: 23032483; PMCID: PMC3597369.

66: Ramirez T, Tong M, Ayala CA, Monfils PR, McMillan PN, Zabala V, Wands JR, de la Monte SM. Structural Correlates of PPAR Agonist Rescue of Experimental Chronic Alcohol-Induced Steatohepatitis. J Clin Exp Pathol. 2012 Jun;2(4):114. doi: 10.4172/2161-0681.1000114. PMID: 26339530; PMCID: PMC4554760.

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