Posttraumatic pneumocephalus

• Management of Traumatic Anterior Skull Base Fractures and Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistulas
• Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea as a primary presentation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension, management strategies, and clinical outcome
• Transnasal Endoscopic Treatment of Tension Pneumocephalus Caused by Posttraumatic or Iatrogenic Ethmoidal Damage
• Endoscopic Repair of CSF Rhinorrhea: Our Experience at a Tertiary Centre
• Recurrent Meningitis After a Post-Traumatic Intradiploic Arachnoid Cyst: A Case Report
• The Role of Endonasal Endoscopic Skull Base Repair in Posttraumatic Tension Pneumocephalus
• Pneumocephalus with meningitis secondary to an old traumatic anterior cranial fossa defect
• Delayed post-traumatic Tension Hydropneumocephalus; a Case Report of Conservative Treatment

● Fracture through air sinus (frontal, ethmoid…): including basal skull fracture.

● Open fracture over convexity (usually with dural laceration)

May indicate skull fracture (basal or open convexity).

In the presence of a frontal sinus fracture, intracranial air (pneumocephalus) on CT, even without a clinically evident CSF leak must be presumed to be due to dural laceration (although it could also be due to a basal skull fracture).

In the presence of pneumocephalus, if no obvious dural laceration is found, the dural undersurface of the frontal lobes should be checked for leaks. Extradural inspection and repair is rarely indicated; the act of lifting the dura off the floor of the frontal fossa in the region of the ethmoid sinuses often creates lacerations ¹⁾.