Postmeningitic Hydrocephalus

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• Chronic Pleural Effusion in Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt due to Diaphragmatic CSF Fistula: Report of a Case Treated by Endoscopic Choroid Plexus Coagulation and Literature Review
• Hydrocephalus Management Challenges in a Low-income Country: A Review Article
• External ventricular drainage: indications and outcome among Sudanese Children
• A Case of Multiloculated Hydrocephalus
• Trapped fourth ventricle: A case report and review of literature
• A Case of Mistaken Identity: Glutaric Aciduria Type I Masquerading as Postmeningitic Hydrocephalus

Definition: Postmeningitic hydrocephalus is a type of secondary hydrocephalus that occurs after an episode of meningitis. It results from inflammation-induced disruption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics.

Pathophysiology:

• Inflammatory processes lead to:
• Obstruction of CSF flow (non-communicating hydrocephalus)
• Impaired CSF absorption (communicating hydrocephalus)
• Fibrosis and scarring of arachnoid granulations or CSF pathways are common causes.

Clinical Features:

• Signs of increased intracranial pressure:
• Headache
• Nausea and vomiting
• Altered mental status
• Papilledema
• In infants:
• Macrocephaly
• Bulging fontanelle
• Irritability

Diagnosis:

• Neuroimaging (CT or MRI): Dilated ventricles
• Lumbar puncture: Elevated opening pressure (performed cautiously)

Management:

Postmeningitic Hydrocephalus Management

Prognosis:

• Dependent on underlying cause, timing of intervention, and presence of neurological deficits.

Related terms:

• Communicating hydrocephalus
• Non-communicating hydrocephalus
• CSF diversion
• VP shunt
• ETV