Oxidative stress injury

Oxidative stress injury refers to damage to cells and tissues that occurs as a result of an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the cell's ability to detoxify them. ROS are highly reactive molecules that can damage DNA, lipids, and proteins in cells. They are generated during normal cellular metabolism as well as in response to environmental stressors such as exposure to radiation, toxins, or pollutants.

Under normal circumstances, cells have a variety of antioxidant defense mechanisms that protect against oxidative stress. These include enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as small molecule antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and glutathione.

However, when the production of ROS exceeds the cell's antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress can occur, leading to damage to cellular components and ultimately cell death. Oxidative stress has been implicated in a wide range of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and aging.

There are several strategies to reduce oxidative stress injury, including reducing exposure to environmental stressors, improving antioxidant defense mechanisms, and using pharmacological agents that can scavenge ROS or boost antioxidant capacity.