Neuroplasticity Markers
Neuroplasticity is the ability of the nervous system to adapt, reorganize, and regenerate. Neuroplasticity markers are molecules indicating or mediating these changes.
1. Key Neuroplasticity Markers
| Marker | Function | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| BDNF | Promotes neuronal survival, synaptic growth, plasticity | Upregulated by exercise, neurostimulation |
| GAP-43 | Axonal growth and regeneration | High after nerve injury |
| Synaptophysin | Synaptic vesicle protein; synapse density marker | Synaptogenesis and remodeling |
| MAP2 | Maintains dendritic structure | Dendritic remodeling indicator |
| PSA-NCAM | Promotes cell migration and plasticity | Regenerative processes |
| Nogo-A | Inhibits axonal growth | Target for enhancing regeneration |
| c-Fos | Immediate early gene for neuronal activity | Plastic change marker |
| CREB | Regulates plasticity-related gene expression | Crucial for memory and long-term plasticity |
2. Neuroplasticity in Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
- Positive markers (BDNF, GAP-43) increase during regenerative attempts. - Negative regulators (Nogo-A) inhibit axonal regrowth. - Therapies target enhancing positive markers and inhibiting negative regulators.
Summary
Neuroplasticity markers help track recovery, assess therapeutic interventions, and reveal mechanisms of nervous system adaptation.