miR-210
Full name: microRNA-210 Type: Hypoxia-inducible microRNA (regulated by HIF-1α) Gene location (human): Chromosome 11p15.5 Alias: “Master hypoxamir”
Key Functions in the Nervous System
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| Hypoxia regulation | Induced by HIF-1α in low-oxygen environments. Downregulates energy-intensive processes to aid cellular survival. |
| Apoptosis modulation | Suppresses pro-apoptotic genes such as *Caspase-8*, *E2F3*, and *ISCU1/2*, reducing neuronal cell death. |
| Neuroprotection | Enhances recovery in models of stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) by reducing inflammation and promoting repair mechanisms. |
| Autophagy regulation | Activates AMPK and inhibits mTOR, facilitating autophagic flux in damaged neurons. |
| Mitochondrial control | Regulates mitochondrial metabolism and reduces oxidative stress by targeting iron-sulfur cluster proteins (*ISCU1/2*). |
Role in Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH)
In murine models of ICH:
- miR-210 upregulates autophagy via AMPK/mTOR pathway.
- Reduces neuronal death and release of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, TNF-α).
- Enhances functional recovery and neurological outcomes.
- Potential therapeutic target in brain hemorrhage and hypoxia-related brain injury.
References
- Yao Wang et al.
miR-210 Regulates Autophagy Through the AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway…*Neurochemical Research*, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-025-04434-7 - Chan SY, Loscalzo J. “MicroRNA-210: a unique and pleiotropic hypoxamir.” *Cell Cycle*. 2010.