Mild traumatic brain injury complications

• Distinct clinical phenotypes and their neuroanatomic correlates in chronic traumatic brain injury
• Clinical experience implanting a miniature externally powered vagus nerve stimulator
• Post-Concussion Syndrome Following Blast Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study of Beirut Blast Casualties
• A Customized Neural Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Target for Functional Disability Among Veterans With Co-Occurring Alcohol Use Disorder and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
• Uncovering injury-specific proteomic signatures and neurodegenerative risks in single and repetitive traumatic brain injury
• Pituitary Dysfunction Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Female Athletes: Neuropsychological and Psychological Findings
• Impact of anticoagulant therapy on delayed intracranial haemorrhage after traumatic brain injury: A study on the role of repeat CT scans and extended observation
• Sex-stratified patterns in geriatric patients with mild traumatic brain injury and intracranial bleeding: a retrospective cohort study

Contact sports athletes and military personnel who suffered a repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) are at high risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as advanced dementia and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common occurrence, and may impact distal outcomes in a subgroup of individuals. Improved characterization of health outcomes and identification of factors associated with poor outcomes is needed to better understand the impact of mTBI, particularly in those with co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Participants in a data repository of the Injury and Traumatic Stress (INTRuST) Clinical Consortium (n = 625) completed functional disability [FD] and health related quality of life [HRQOL] questionnaires, and a subset completed a neuropsychological assessment. FD and HRQOL were compared among participants with probable mTBI (mTBI), probable mTBI with PTSD (mTBI/PTSD), and health comparison participants (HC). Associations between symptoms, neuropsychological performance, and health outcomes were examined in those with probable mTBI with and without PTSD (n = 316). Individuals in the mTBI/PTSD group endorsed poorer health outcomes than those in the mTBI group, who endorsed poorer outcomes than those in the HC group. Individuals in either mTBI group performed worse than those in the HC on verbal learning and memory and psychomotor speed. Health outcomes were correlated with mental health and postconcussive symptoms, as well as neuropsychological variables. mTBI may adversely impact self-reported health, with the greatest effect observed in individuals with co-occurring mTBI/PTSD ¹⁾.

Two-thirds of all mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients consult one or more specialists within six months after injury, with 30% having an unfavourable outcome. A quarter of non-hospitalized patients was seen at the outpatient neurology clinic, underling the importance of regular follow-up of mTBI patients irrespective of hospital admittance ²⁾.

Although deterioration rarely occurs in patients with mild traumatic brain injury, those with coagulopathy, anticoagulant drug use, GCS of 13-14, increased age, midline shift, cerebral contusions, diffuse cerebral oedema and SDH were more prone to deterioration ³⁾.

Recovery from concussion generally follows a trajectory of gradual improvement, but symptoms can abruptly worsen with exertion. This phenomenon is poorly understood. Certain patients appeared susceptible to high and variable symptom reporting. Symptom spikes may not themselves be detrimental to recovery ⁴⁾.

Mild traumatic brain injury (cerebral concussion) results in cognitive and emotional dysfunction. These injuries are a significant risk factor for the development of anxiety disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder. However, because physically traumatic events typically occur in a highly emotional context, it is unknown whether traumatic brain injury itself is a cause of augmented fear and anxiety.

Mild traumatic brain injury with traumatic intracranial hematoma.

Posttraumatic headache.

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy.

Postconcussive syndrome.

Employment status was the most crucial associated factor for QoL in individuals with mTBI at the 1-year follow-up. Future studies should explore the benefits of employment on QoL of individuals with mTBI ⁵⁾.