Malignant hyperthermia treatment

1. eliminate offending agents (stop the operation, D/C inhalation anesthesia and change tubing on anesthesia machine)

2. dantrolene sodium (Dantrium®) 2.5 mg/kg IV usually effective, infuse until symptoms subside, up to 10 mg/kg

4. surface and cavity cooling: IV, in the wound, per NG, PR

5. bicarbonate 1–2 mEq/kg for acidosis

6. IV insulin and glucose (lowers K+, glucose acts as energy substrate)

7. procainamide for arrhythmias

8. diuresis: volume loading + osmotic diuretics