In an extensive study supported by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan, Mori and colleagues reviewed a database of 1450 patients with hydrocephalus to develop a classification that would allow outcome to be predicted in individual cases. They excluded tumoral hydrocephalus and defined eight subtypes of hydrocephalus in relationship to the time of onset and severity of brain malformation or injury. They proposed that one of the diagnoses should be “intractable hydrocephalus.” They submitted criteria for this tragic condition for which treatment is futile. The general results of the study were that hydrocephalus is not a disease but a symptom or sign that relates to CSF dynamics ^{1) 2)}.