Implantation refers to the deliberate placement of a device, electrode, graft, or other material into the body—typically through a surgical procedure—with the goal of achieving a therapeutic, diagnostic, or monitoring function.

In neurosurgery, implantation often involves:

• Electrodes (e.g., in Deep Brain Stimulation or epilepsy monitoring)
• Shunts (e.g., ventriculoperitoneal shunt systems)
• Spinal hardware (e.g., screws, rods, cages)
• Neurostimulators, drug pumps, or prosthetics

• Requires sterile technique and surgical access
• Intended to remain permanently or semi-permanently
• Materials must be biocompatible
• Often guided by imaging or robotic systems

• Infection
• Migration or dislodgement
• Device malfunction or rejection
• Mechanical failure or tissue erosion

• “Bilateral STN-DBS electrodes were implanted under general anesthesia.”
• “Spinal cord stimulator implantation was performed with fluoroscopic guidance.”