Enhanced realism refers to the improved visual, spatial, or tactile fidelity of a simulated or virtual environment, making it closely resemble real-life anatomy, procedures, or surgical settings. The goal is to provide a more immersive and intuitive experience for users, particularly in training or preoperative planning.

In neurosurgery, enhanced realism is achieved through technologies such as:

• 3D virtual reality environments based on patient-specific imaging
• 3D printed models that replicate texture and anatomical detail
• High-resolution rendering of neuroanatomy for surgical rehearsal

While enhanced realism can improve understanding and engagement, it does not automatically translate to better clinical outcomes unless paired with validated protocols, structured training, and evidence of impact on patient safety and surgical performance.