Indirect revascularization includes EMS (encephalo-myo-synangiosis), EDAS (encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis), EMAS (encephalo-myo-arterio-synangiosis), and EDAMS (encephalo-duro-arterio-myo-synangiosis). These indirect procedures use temporal muscle, inversed dura, or superficial temporal artery placed on the surface of the brain. Approximately 3 to 6 months later, angiogenesis will develop and cerebral blood flow will be improved.