Globus pallidus internus: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) has been established as an effective and safe treatment for dystonia.
see Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation
see subthalamic deep brain stimulation
Thalamus
Deep brain stimulation of the thalamus (and especially the ventral intermediate nucleus) does not significantly improve a drug-resistant, disabling cerebellar tremor. The dentato-rubro-olivary tract (Guillain-Mollaret triangle, including the red nucleus) is a subcortical loop that is critically involved in tremor genesis.
The red nucleus is a important centre for the genesis of cerebellar tremor and thus a possible target for drug-refractory tremor. Future research must determine how neuromodulation of the red nucleus can best be implemented in patients with cerebellar degeneration 1).