With technological advances in magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), spatial resolution of 1-mm perforating vessels can reliably be visualized and accurately located in reference to patients' anatomic landmarks without exposing patients to ionizing radiation or iodinated contrast, resulting in optimal perforator selection, improved flap design, and increased surgical efficiency 1).
1)
Vasile JV, Newman TM, Prince MR, Rusch DG, Greenspun DT, Allen RJ, Levine JL.
Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography. Clin Plast Surg. 2011
Apr;38(2):263-75. doi: 10.1016/j.cps.2011.03.008. PubMed PMID: 21620151.