Chromosome 19
The molecular hallmark feature of oligodendroglioma is codeletion of the short arm of chromosome 1 (1p) and the long arm of chromosome 19 (19q) 1).
Complete deletion of both the short arm of chromosome 1 (1p) and the long arm of chromosome 19 (19q) is pathognomonic for oligodendroglioma 2) 3) It is strongly associated with IDH mutation and is mutually exclusive of ATRX & TP53 mutations.
The following are some of the genes located on chromosome 19:
A1BG: encoding protein Alpha-1-B glycoprotein
ACSBG2: encoding enzyme Long-chain-fatty-acid—CoA ligase
ANKRD24: encoding protein Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 24
ARMC6: encoding protein Armadillo repeat-containing protein 6
ATG4D: encoding protein Autophagy related 4D, cysteine peptidase
ATP5SL: encoding protein ATP synthase subunit s-like protein
ATPase ASNA1: encoding enzyme ATPase ASNA1 also known as arsenical pump-driving ATPase and arsenite-stimulated ATPase
BTBD14B: encoding protein Nucleus accumbens-associated protein 1 CACTIN: encoding protein Cactin CCDC130: encoding protein Coiled-coil domain containing 130 CCDC151: encoding protein Coiled-coil domain containing 151 CCDC8: encoding protein Coiled-coil domain containing 8 CCDC94: encoding protein Coiled-coil domain containing 94 (CCDC94), DNASE2: encoding protein Deoxyribonuclease II, lysosomal EID2: ETV2: encoding protein Ets variant 2 HCST: encoding protein Hematopoietic cell signal transducer HRC: encoding protein Sarcoplasmic reticulum histidine-rich calcium-binding protein IFI30: encoding enzyme Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase IGFL3: encoding protein IGF like family member 3 KRTDAP: encoding protein Keratinocyte differentiation-associated protein LIM2: encoding protein Lens fiber membrane intrinsic protein LRG1: encoding protein Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 LSM4: encoding protein U6 snRNA-associated Sm-like protein LSm4 LSR: encoding protein Lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor LYPD5: encoding protein LY6/PLAUR domain containing 5 MBOAT7: encoding enzyme Lysophospholipid acyltransferase 7 MOBKL2A: encoding enzyme Mps one binder kinase activator-like 2A MZF1-AS1: encoding protein MZF1 antisense RNA 1 NCLN: encoding protein Nicalin NFKBID: encoding protein Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor NOSIP: encoding enzyme Nitric oxide synthase-interacting protein NWD1: NACHT and WD repeat domain containing 1. OLFM2: encoding protein Olfactomedin 2 OSCAR: encoding protein Osteoclast-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor PALM: encoding protein Paralemmin PDCD5: encoding protein Programmed cell death protein 5 PLIN4: encoding protein Perilipin 4 PEX11G: peroxisomal biogenesis factor 11 gamma PLVAP: encoding protein Plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein PRR12: encoding protein Proline-rich 12 KLK3: The Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) PRX: Periaxin PTOV1: encoding protein Prostate tumor overexpressed gene 1 protein SBNO2: encoding protein Strawberry notch homolog 2 (Drosophila) SEPW1: encoding protein Selenoprotein W SFRS14: encoding protein Putative splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 14 SFRS16: encoding protein Splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 16 SLC5A5: Solute carrier family 5 (sodium iodide symporter), member 5 STK11: Serine/threonine kinase 11 (Peutz-Jeghers syndrome) TBCB: encoding protein Tubulin-folding cofactor B TECR: encoding enzyme Trans-2,3-enoyl-CoA reductase THOP1: encoding enzyme Thimet oligopeptidase TIMM50: encoding enzyme Mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit TIM50 TIP39: encoding protein Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues TMED1: encoding protein Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 1 TMEM160: encoding protein Transmembrane protein 160 TMEM205: encoding protein Transmembrane Protein 205 UBXN6: encoding protein UBX domain protein 6 UCA1: a long non-coding RNA Urothelial cancer associated 1 UPK1A: encoding protein Uroplakin-1a USE1: encoding protein Uncharacterized hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells protein MDS032 Zfp82 zinc finger protein: encoding protein ZFP82 zinc finger protein ZSCAN18: encoding protein Zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 18 ZNF112: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 112 ZNF134: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 134 ZNF160: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 160 ZNF180: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 180 ZNF208: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 208 ZNF224: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 224 ZNF225: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 225 ZNF226: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 226 ZNF229: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 229 ZNF257: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 257 ZNF264: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 264 ZNF266: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 266 ZNF274: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 274 ZNF331: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 331 ZNF347: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 347 ZNF426: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 426 ZNF473: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 473 ZNF506: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 506 ZNF507: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 507 ZNF536: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 536 ZNF541: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 541 ZNF557: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 557 ZNF571: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 571 ZNF576: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 576 Zinc finger protein 613: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 613 ZNF649: Transcriptional suppressor ZNF71: encoding protein Endothelial zinc finger protein induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha ZNF737: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 737 ZNF749: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 749 ZNF676: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 676 ZNF772: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 772 ZNF784: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 784 ZNF8: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 8 ZNF83: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 83 ZNF878: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 878 ZNF880: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 880
Short arm
CACNA1A: Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, P/Q type, alpha 1A subunit (Familial hemiplegic migraine Type I). Gene map locus 19p13 COMP: Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein. Gene map locus 19p13.1 NOTCH3: Notch homolog 3 (Drosophila): Gene map locus 19p13.1-p13.2 GCDH: Glutaryl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase. Gene map locus 19p13.2 BSG: Basigin (Ok blood group)/Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer/CD147. Gene map locus 19p13.3 ICAM4: Landsteiner and Weiner glycoprotein. Gene map locus 19p13.3 NRTN: Neurturin, associated with Hirschsprung's disease: Gene locus map 19p13.3 HCL1: Hair Colour 1; Brown hair colour; BRHC. Gene map locus 19p13.1-q13.11 OMIM: 113750 EYCL1: Eye Colour 1; Eye colour, green/blue; GEY. Gene map locus 19p13.1-q13.11 OMIM: 227240 GTPBP3: GTP binding protein 3 19p13.11 KLF2: Krüppel-like factor 2, also known as Lung Krüppel-like factor. Gene map locus 19p13.11 OMIM: 602016 FAM32A: family with sequence similarity 32 member A 19q13.11 DDX39: DExD-box helicase 39. Gene map locus 19p13.12
Long arm
GAPDHS: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, spermatogenic 19q13.12
HAMP: Hepcidin antimicrobial peptide. Gene map locus 19q13.12
BCKDHA: Branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1, alpha polypeptide (maple syrup urine disease). Gene map location 19q13.1-q13.2
APOE: Apolipoprotein E, gene associated with Alzheimer's disease. Gene map locus 19q13.2
CIC: Capicua transcriptional repressor. Gene map locus 19q13.2
FCGBP: Fc fragment of IgG binding protein
SARS2: seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial. Gene map locus 19q13.2
ATP1A3: ATPase. Gene map locus 19q13.31
DMWD: DM1 locus, WD repeat containing. Gene map locus 19q13.32
PNMA8A: paraneoplastic Ma antigen family member 8A 19q13.32
DMPK: Dystrophia myotonica-protein kinase. Gene map locus 19q13.32
GLTSCR2: Glioma tumor suppressor candidate region gene 2 protein 19q13.33
A1BG: Plasma glycoprotein, unknown function. Gene map locus 19q13.43
LRC: The Leukocyte Receptor Complex is a family of immunoreceptors expressed predominantly on monocytes and B cells and at lower levels on dendritic cells and natural killer (NK) cells. The LRC also includes the KIR locus. Gene map locus 19q13.4 OMIM: 604812
KPTN: Kaptin (actin binding protein) at the tips of stereocilia. Gene map locus 19q13.4[11]
FUT1: The H locus is located on chromosome 19 at 19q13.3. It contains three exons that span more than 5 kb of genomic DNA, and it encodes a fucosyltransferase that produces the H antigen on RBCs.[12]
FUT2: The Se locus is located on chromosome 19 at 19q13.3. It contains two exons that span about 25 kb of genomic DNA. The Se locus encodes a specific fucosyltransferase that is expressed in the epithelia of secretory tissues, such as salivary glands, the gastrointestinal tract, and the respiratory tract. The enzyme it encodes catalyzes the production of H antigen.[12]
MORT (Mortal Obligate RNA Transcript, lincRNA): Gene map locus 19q13.43