Dissection of the cervical and intracranial portions of the carotid and vertebrobasilar arteries may occur spontaneously or in association with trauma or other underlying risk factors. Astute recognition allows appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic protocols to be instituted. Dissection of extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries differ from their intracranial counterparts, both in terms of presentation and prognosis. Limited data are available regarding the most effective medical treatment of dissection in children and young adults. Interventional neuroradiology may offer a new approach in difficult cases. A multicenter controlled clinical trial is needed to assess the most effective treatment ¹⁾.