Centromedian nucleus

• Deep brain stimulation for refractory epilepsy: A meta-analysis of stimulation parameters
• Thalamic stereoelectroencephalography in pediatric patients: Clinical practice and considerations
• Deep Brain, Deep Impact: Rethinking Pediatric Epilepsy Treatment With Deep Brain Stimulation of the Centromedian Nucleus
• Diet-incorporated saracatinib, a Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor, counteracts diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP)-induced chronic neurotoxicity in the rat model
• Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Bilateral Centromedian Nucleus Neuromodulation for Multifocal and Generalized Epilepsy
• Refining centromedian nucleus stimulation for generalized epilepsy with targeting and mechanistic insights from intraoperative electrophysiology
• Dual bilateral stimulation of the nucleus accumbens and the centromedian thalamus for treatment of intractable Tourette syndrome
• Chronic thalamic recordings for idiopathic generalized epilepsy and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: Ictal and interictal electrophysiological findings

The centromedian nucleus (CM) is a key part of the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus, and it's involved in a variety of important functions, especially in arousal, attention, sensorimotor integration, and modulation of basal ganglia circuits.

- Location: In the posterior intralaminar thalamus. - Group: Intralaminar thalamic nuclei. - Adjacent structures: Mediodorsal nucleus (medially), pulvinar (posteriorly), ventral posterior nuclei (laterally).

- Afferents:

1. Brainstem reticular formation: involved in arousal and consciousness.
2. Spinal cord: nociceptive input.
3. Cerebellum: via the dentatothalamic pathway.

- Efferents:

1. Striatum (especially the putamen and caudate): influences motor control through basal ganglia circuits.
2. Cortex (especially frontal and parietal): modulates attention and awareness.

- Arousal and consciousness: Part of the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS). - Pain perception: Relays nociceptive input to cortex. - Motor control: Via basal ganglia-thalamocortical loops. - Cognitive and attentional modulation: Projects to associative cortical areas.

- Epilepsy: CM is a target for deep brain stimulation (DBS), particularly in generalized epilepsy or Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. - Parkinson’s disease and dystonia: As part of basal ganglia circuits, CM-DBS has been explored as a potential therapy. - Disorders of consciousness: Because of its role in arousal, CM stimulation has been tested in patients with coma or vegetative state.

see Thalamic centromedian nucleus deep brain stimulation.