Beijing Tiantan Hospital Pediatric Neurosurgery Department

PEDIATRIC NEUROSURGERY SUBDIVISION: One of only a few neurosurgical divisions for children in China. Annually, 600 to 700 operations are performed to resect all types of brain and spinal tumors in children. For cases of craniopharyngioma, gross total resection are achieved in many, and long-term favorable outcome in most. For medulloblastomas, the combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy after surgery leads to 68% 5-year survival. Surgeries using the transcallosal-transfornixial approach have been performed for more than 500 patients with intra-third ventricle tumors (craniopharyngiomas, teratomas, and gliomas in the anterior, middle or posterior regions) with excellent tumor resection results and postoperative quality of life. The combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy provides excellent tumor control in both short-term and long-term treatment of germinomas.

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Hao X, Feng R, Bi Y, Liu Y, Li C, Lu T, Tian Y. Dramatic efficacy of dabrafenib in Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD): a pediatric patient with multiple large intracranial ECD lesions hidden by refractory Langerhans cell histiocytosis. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2018 Sep 28:1-6. doi: 10.3171/2018.6.PEDS17728. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 30265230.

2: Wang C, Zhao M, Wang J, Wang S, Zhang D, Wang K, Zhao J. Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis for Pediatric Moyamoya Disease: A Single-Center Experience With 67 Cases in China. J Child Neurol. 2018 Sep 24:883073818798515. doi: 10.1177/0883073818798515. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 30246586.

3: Xue Z, Kong L, Pan CC, Wu Z, Zhang JT, Zhang LW. Fluorescein-Guided Surgery for Pediatric Brainstem Gliomas: Preliminary Study and Technical Notes. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2018 Oct;79(Suppl 4):S340-S346. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1660847. Epub 2018 Jun 25. PubMed PMID: 30210988; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6133691.

4: Linet MS, Wang L, Wang N, Berry RJ, Chao A, Hao L, Li Z, Fang L, Yin P, Potischman N, Sun X, Meng F, Yang R, Cong S, Fan J, Kitahara CM, Liang X, Liu F, Lu X, Lv F, Mu C, Sampson J, Tang Y, Wan W, Wang B, Wang H, Zhang L, Wang Y. Prospective investigation of folic acid supplements before and during early pregnancy and paediatric and adult cancers in the Chinese children and families cohort: a pilot study in a sample of rural and urban families. BMJ Open. 2018 Jul 30;8(7):e022394. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022394. PubMed PMID: 30061446; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6067353.

5: Liu R, Liu Y, Liu W, Liu X, Gong J, Li C, Tian Y. Gunshot penetrating brain injury in children: report of three cases with review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst. 2018 Aug;34(8):1459-1463. doi: 10.1007/s00381-018-3858-y. Epub 2018 Jun 11. Review. PubMed PMID: 29948135.

6: Wang C, Zhao M, Wang J, Wang S, Jiang Z, Zhao J. Frontal Lobe Cavernous Malformations in Pediatric Patients: Clinical Features and Surgical Outcomes. J Child Neurol. 2018 Jul;33(8):512-518. doi: 10.1177/0883073818768156. Epub 2018 Apr 26. PubMed PMID: 29697019.

7: Jin B, Krishnan B, Adler S, Wagstyl K, Hu W, Jones S, Najm I, Alexopoulos A, Zhang K, Zhang J, Ding M, Wang S; Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study, Wang ZI. Automated detection of focal cortical dysplasia type II with surface-based magnetic resonance imaging postprocessing and machine learning. Epilepsia. 2018 May;59(5):982-992. doi: 10.1111/epi.14064. Epub 2018 Apr 10. PubMed PMID: 29637549; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5934310.

8: Ge P, Zhang Q, Ye X, Wang S, Zhang D, Zhao J. Clinical Features, Surgical Treatment, and Long-Term Outcome in Children with Hemorrhagic Moyamoya Disease. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018 Jun;27(6):1517-1523. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.12.047. Epub 2018 Mar 19. PubMed PMID: 29567119.

9: Liu W, Tang J, Van Halm-Lutterodt N, Luo S, Li C. History and current state of pediatric neurosurgery at Beijing Tiantan Hospital Neurosurgery Center. Childs Nerv Syst. 2018 May;34(5):797-803. doi: 10.1007/s00381-018-3755-4. Epub 2018 Mar 8. PubMed PMID: 29520436.

10: Yang C, Fang J, Li G, Li S, Ha T, Wang J, Yang B, Yang J, Xu Y. Histopathological, molecular, clinical and radiological characterization of rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor in the central nervous system. Oncotarget. 2017 Nov 24;8(65):109175-109190. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.22646. eCollection 2017 Dec 12. PubMed PMID: 29312599; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5752512.

11: Liu H, Yang C, Yang J, Xu Y. Pediatric Chiari malformation type I: long-term outcomes following small-bone-window posterior fossa decompression with autologous-fascia duraplasty. Exp Ther Med. 2017 Dec;14(6):5652-5658. doi: 10.3892/etm.2017.5211. Epub 2017 Sep 27. PubMed PMID: 29285106; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5740516.

12: He J, Li X, Zhu W, Yu Y, Gong J. Research of differential expression of sIL1RAP in low-grade gliomas between children and adults. Brain Tumor Pathol. 2018 Jan;35(1):19-28. doi: 10.1007/s10014-017-0304-x. Epub 2017 Dec 13. PubMed PMID: 29238884.

13: Zhao M, Zhang D, Wang S, Zhang Y, Wang R, Deng X, Zhao J. Posterior circulation involvement in pediatric and adult patients with moyamoya disease: a single center experience in 574 patients. Acta Neurol Belg. 2018 Jun;118(2):227-233. doi: 10.1007/s13760-017-0844-1. Epub 2017 Nov 15. PubMed PMID: 29143295.

14: Ma Y, Zhao M, Zhang Q, Liu X, Zhang D, Wang S, Zhang Y, Li M, Zhao J. Risk Factors for Epilepsy Recurrence after Revascularization in Pediatric Patients with Moyamoya Disease. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018 Mar;27(3):740-746. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.10.012. Epub 2017 Nov 8. PubMed PMID: 29128331.

15: Zhao M, Zhang D, Wang S, Zhang Y, Deng X, Zhao J. The Collateral Circulation in Moyamoya Disease: A Single-Center Experience in 140 Pediatric Patients. Pediatr Neurol. 2017 Dec;77:78-83. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2017.08.016. Epub 2017 Sep 14. PubMed PMID: 29107436.

16: Xu C, Liu X, Geng Y, Bai Q, Pan C, Sun Y, Chen X, Yu H, Wu Y, Zhang P, Wu W, Wang Y, Wu Z, Zhang J, Wang Z, Yang R, Lewis J, Bigner D, Zhao F, He Y, Yan H, Shen Q, Zhang L. Patient-derived DIPG cells preserve stem-like characteristics and generate orthotopic tumors. Oncotarget. 2017 Jul 28;8(44):76644-76655. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.19656. eCollection 2017 Sep 29. PubMed PMID: 29100338; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5652732.

17: Zhao M, Gao F, Zhang D, Wang S, Zhang Y, Wang R, Zhao J. Altered expression of circular RNAs in Moyamoya disease. J Neurol Sci. 2017 Oct 15;381:25-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.011. Epub 2017 Aug 9. PubMed PMID: 28991692.

18: Zhu W, He J, Li X, Wang L, Lu Z, Li C, Gong J. Cognitive performance change of pediatric patients after conducting frontal transcortical approach to treat lateral ventricular tumor. Childs Nerv Syst. 2017 Dec;33(12):2099-2108. doi: 10.1007/s00381-017-3604-x. Epub 2017 Sep 22. PubMed PMID: 28939939.

19: Zhao F, Li C, Zhou Q, Qu P, Wang B, Wang X, Zhang S, Wang X, Zhao C, Zhang J, Luo L, Ai L, Xu L, Liu P. Distinctive localization and MRI features correlate of molecular subgroups in adult medulloblastoma. J Neurooncol. 2017 Nov;135(2):353-360. doi: 10.1007/s11060-017-2581-y. Epub 2017 Aug 14. PubMed PMID: 28808827.

20: Zhao M, Zhang D, Wang S, Zhang Y, Wang R, Zhao J. Transient Ischemic Attack in Pediatric Patients With Moyamoya Disease: Clinical Features, Natural History, and Predictors of Stroke. Pediatr Neurol. 2017 Oct;75:48-54. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2017.06.020. Epub 2017 Jul 5. PubMed PMID: 28778481.

21: Li Z, Li H, Jiao Y, Ma J, Wang S, Cao Y, Zhao J. Clinical features and long-term outcomes of pediatric intraventricular meningiomas: data from a single neurosurgical center. Neurosurg Rev. 2018 Apr;41(2):525-530. doi: 10.1007/s10143-017-0884-2. Epub 2017 Aug 2. PubMed PMID: 28766173.

22: He J, Li X, Zhu W, Li C, Gong J. Posterior fossa pilomyxoid astrocytoma with spontaneous hemorrhage in pediatric patients. Childs Nerv Syst. 2018 Jan;34(1):149-153. doi: 10.1007/s00381-017-3549-0. Epub 2017 Jul 24. PubMed PMID: 28741227.

23: Li C, Gui S, Zhang Y. Compare the safety and efficacy of endoscopic third ventriculostomy and ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement in infants and children with hydrocephalus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Neurosci. 2017 Jul 12:1-30. doi: 10.1080/00207454.2017.1348352. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 28697664.

24: Wang L, Zhu W, Li X, He J, Li C, Gong J. A rare case report and literatures review on primary germinoma in cerebellar hemisphere. Childs Nerv Syst. 2017 Nov;33(11):2039-2045. doi: 10.1007/s00381-017-3502-2. Epub 2017 Jul 8. Review. PubMed PMID: 28689343.

25: Li X, Zhu W, He J, Di F, Wang L, Li X, Liu W, Li C, Gong J. Application of computer assisted three-dimensional simulation operation and biomechanics analysis in the treatment of sagittal craniosynostosis. J Clin Neurosci. 2017 Oct;44:323-329. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.06.032. Epub 2017 Jul 3. PubMed PMID: 28684153.

26: Zhu W, Li X, He J, Sun T, Li C, Gong J. A reformed surgical treatment modality for children with giant cystic craniopharyngioma. Childs Nerv Syst. 2017 Sep;33(9):1491-1500. doi: 10.1007/s00381-017-3473-3. Epub 2017 Jun 7. PubMed PMID: 28593552.

27: Maciaczyk D, Picard D, Zhao L, Koch K, Herrera-Rios D, Li G, Marquardt V, Pauck D, Hoerbelt T, Zhang W, Ouwens DM, Remke M, Jiang T, Steiger HJ, Maciaczyk J, Kahlert UD. CBF1 is clinically prognostic and serves as a target to block cellular invasion and chemoresistance of EMT-like glioblastoma cells. Br J Cancer. 2017 Jun 27;117(1):102-112. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2017.157. Epub 2017 Jun 1. PubMed PMID: 28571041; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5520214.

28: Jiang T, Zhang Y, Wang J, Du J, Raynald, Qiu X, Wang Y, Li C. A Retrospective Study of Progression-Free and Overall Survival in Pediatric Medulloblastoma Based on Molecular Subgroup Classification: A Single-Institution Experience. Front Neurol. 2017 May 12;8:198. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00198. eCollection 2017. PubMed PMID: 28553259; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5427081.

29: Yang H, Deng Z, Yang W, Liu K, Yao H, Tong X, Wu J, Zhao Y, Cao Y, Wang S. Predictive Factors of Postoperative Seizure for Pediatric Patients with Unruptured Arteriovenous Malformations. World Neurosurg. 2017 Sep;105:37-46. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.05.031. Epub 2017 May 15. PubMed PMID: 28522380.

30: Jiang T, Wang J, Du J, Luo S, Liu R, Xie J, Wang Y, Li C. Lhermitte-Duclos Disease (Dysplastic Gangliocytoma of the Cerebellum) and Cowden Syndrome: Clinical Experience From a Single Institution with Long-Term Follow-Up. World Neurosurg. 2017 Aug;104:398-406. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.04.147. Epub 2017 May 4. PubMed PMID: 28479525.

31: Wu L, Yang C, Liu T, Fang J, Yang J, Xu Y. Clinical features and long-term outcomes of pediatric spinal meningiomas. J Neurooncol. 2017 Jun;133(2):347-355. doi: 10.1007/s11060-017-2441-9. Epub 2017 Apr 21. PubMed PMID: 28432584.

32: Li X, Li Y, Cao Y, Li P, Liang B, Sun J, Feng E. Risk of subsequent cancer among pediatric, adult and elderly patients following a primary diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme: a population-based study of the SEER database. Int J Neurosci. 2017 Nov;127(11):1005-1011. doi: 10.1080/00207454.2017.1288624. Epub 2017 Mar 17. PubMed PMID: 28288541.

33: Liu H, Luo W, Li J, Yang J, Xu Y. Pediatric infratentorial meningiomas: a series of 19 cases and review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst. 2017 May;33(5):777-786. doi: 10.1007/s00381-017-3362-9. Epub 2017 Feb 28. Review. PubMed PMID: 28247112.

34: Ma L, Kim H, Chen XL, Wu CX, Ma J, Su H, Zhao Y. Morbidity after Hemorrhage in Children with Untreated Brain Arteriovenous Malformation. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2017;43(5-6):231-241. doi: 10.1159/000458731. Epub 2017 Feb 28. PubMed PMID: 28241126; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5489233.

35: Zhang YS, Wang S, Wang Y, Tian ZB, Liu J, Wang K, Chen JF, Yang XJ. Treatment for Spontaneous Intracranial Dissecting Aneurysms in Childhood: A Retrospective Study of 26 Cases. Front Neurol. 2016 Dec 6;7:224. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00224. eCollection 2016. PubMed PMID: 27999562; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5138241.

36: Zhu W, Li X, He J, Di F, Liu W, Wang L, Tian Y, Li C, Gong J. Feasibility Analysis for Treatment of Giant Intracranial Benign Tumor by Delayed Operation in Infancy. World Neurosurg. 2017 Mar;99:122-131. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.11.140. Epub 2016 Dec 6. PubMed PMID: 27939796.

37: Li Z, Li H, Jiao Y, Ma J, Wang S, Zhao J, Cao Y. A comparison of clinicopathological features and surgical outcomes between pediatric skull base and non-skull base meningiomas. Childs Nerv Syst. 2017 Apr;33(4):595-600. doi: 10.1007/s00381-016-3278-9. Epub 2016 Oct 29. PubMed PMID: 27796552.

38: Li H, Zhao M, Jiao Y, Li Z, Ma J, Wang S, Cao Y, Zhao J. Pediatric intracranial clear cell meningioma: a clinicopathological study of seven cases and literature review. Childs Nerv Syst. 2017 Feb;33(2):239-248. doi: 10.1007/s00381-016-3269-x. Epub 2016 Oct 27. Review. PubMed PMID: 27787647.

39: Zhang Q, Wang R, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wang S, Cao Y, Zhao Y, Liu X, Wang J, Deng X, Gao F, Yang Z, Zhao M, Ge P, Ma Y, Zhao J, Zhang D. Clinical Features and Long-Term Outcomes of Unilateral Moyamoya Disease. World Neurosurg. 2016 Dec;96:474-482. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.09.018. Epub 2016 Sep 16. PubMed PMID: 27647029.

40: Tan C, Duan R, Ye X, Zhang D, Wang R. Posterior Circulation Moyamoya Disease versus Primitive Vertebral-Basilar Artery System Moyamoya Disease: New Classification of Moyamoya Disease from the Perspective of Embryology. World Neurosurg. 2016 Dec;96:222-229. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.08.099. Epub 2016 Sep 2. PubMed PMID: 27593720.

41: Ma X, Tong X, Wu J, Cao Y, Wang S. Seizure control following treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations in pediatric patients. Childs Nerv Syst. 2016 Dec;32(12):2387-2394. Epub 2016 Sep 1. PubMed PMID: 27585993.

42: Li Z, Li H, Wang S, Zhao J, Cao Y. Pediatric Skull Base Meningiomas: Clinical Features and Surgical Outcomes. J Child Neurol. 2016 Dec;31(14):1523-1527. Epub 2016 Aug 19. PubMed PMID: 27543558.

43: Luo W, Liu H, Li J, Yang J, Xu Y. Choroid Plexus Papillomas of the Cerebellopontine Angle. World Neurosurg. 2016 Nov;95:117-125. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.07.094. Epub 2016 Aug 6. PubMed PMID: 27506402.

44: Yu J, Lv X, Li Y, Wu Z. Therapeutic progress in pediatric intracranial dural arteriovenous shunts: A review. Interv Neuroradiol. 2016 Oct;22(5):548-56. doi: 10.1177/1591019916653254. Epub 2016 Jun 15. Review. PubMed PMID: 27306522; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5072209.

45: Liu P, Lv XL, Liu AH, Chen C, Ge HJ, Jin HW, Feng X, Lv M, Li YX, Duan L. Intracranial Aneurysms Associated with Moyamoya Disease in Children: Clinical Features and Long-Term Surgical Outcome. World Neurosurg. 2016 Oct;94:513-520. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.05.039. Epub 2016 May 27. PubMed PMID: 27237414.

46: Li H, Zhao M, Jiao Y, Ge P, Li Z, Ma J, Wang S, Cao Y, Zhao J. Prediction of High-Grade Pediatric Meningiomas: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features Based on T1-Weighted, T2-Weighted, and Contrast-Enhanced T1-Weighted Images. World Neurosurg. 2016 Jul;91:89-95. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.03.079. Epub 2016 Mar 30. PubMed PMID: 27046015.

47: Li H, Zhao M, Wang S, Cao Y, Zhao J. Prediction of pediatric meningioma recurrence by preoperative MRI assessment. Neurosurg Rev. 2016 Oct;39(4):663-9. doi: 10.1007/s10143-016-0716-9. Epub 2016 Apr 1. PubMed PMID: 27037557.

48: Wu L, Yang T, Fang J, Zhang J, Xu Y. Spinal chordoid meningioma in a child: A case report and review of the literature. Oncol Lett. 2015 Dec;10(6):3727-3731. Epub 2015 Sep 29. PubMed PMID: 26788198; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4665262.

49: Zhang Y, Zhao F, Zhang D, Wang R, Wang S, Ye X, Zhang Q, Zhao J. [Treatment of pediatric ischemia moyamoya disease by direct bypass combined with multiple burr hole]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2015 Jul 21;95(27):2202-4. Chinese. PubMed PMID: 26710913.

50: Cao L, Li C, Zhang Y, Gui S. Surgical resection of unilateral thalamic tumors in adults: approaches and outcomes. BMC Neurol. 2015 Nov 7;15:229. doi: 10.1186/s12883-015-0487-x. PubMed PMID: 26545867; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4636900.

51: Meng FG, Jia FM, Ren XH, Ge Y, Wang KL, Ma YS, Ge M, Zhang K, Hu WH, Zhang X, Hu W, Zhang JG. Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Pediatric and Adult Patients with Pharmaco-resistant Epilepsy. Chin Med J (Engl). 2015 Oct 5;128(19):2599-604. doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.166023. PubMed PMID: 26415797; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4736866.

52: Tong X, Wu J, Lin F, Cao Y, Zhao Y, Jin Z, Ning B, Zhao B, Li Y, Wang L, Zhang S, Wang S, Zhao J. Visual Field Preservation in Surgery of Occipital Arteriovenous Malformations: A Prospective Study. World Neurosurg. 2015 Nov;84(5):1423-36. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.06.069. Epub 2015 Jul 3. PubMed PMID: 26145824.

53: Ma L, Huang Z, Chen XL, Ma J, Liu XJ, Wang H, Ye X, Wang SL, Cao Y, Wang S, Zhao YL, Zhao JZ. Periventricular Location as a Risk Factor for Hemorrhage and Severe Clinical Presentation in Pediatric Patients with Untreated Brain Arteriovenous Malformations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015 Aug;36(8):1550-7. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A4300. Epub 2015 Jun 18. PubMed PMID: 26089316.

54: Huang HW, Zheng BL, Jiang L, Lin ZT, Zhang GB, Shen L, Xi XM. Effect of oral melatonin and wearing earplugs and eye masks on nocturnal sleep in healthy subjects in a simulated intensive care unit environment: which might be a more promising strategy for ICU sleep deprivation? Crit Care. 2015 Mar 19;19:124. doi: 10.1186/s13054-015-0842-8. PubMed PMID: 25887528; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4365553.

55: Ge M, Li S, Wang L, Li C, Zhang J. The role of diffusion tensor tractography in the surgical treatment of pediatric optic chiasmatic gliomas. J Neurooncol. 2015 Apr;122(2):357-66. doi: 10.1007/s11060-015-1722-4. Epub 2015 Jan 24. PubMed PMID: 25617076.

56: Qi W, Zhao L, Fang J, Chang X, Xu Y. Clinical characteristics and treatment strategies for idiopathic spinal extradural arachnoid cysts: a single-center experience. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2015 Mar;157(3):539-45. doi: 10.1007/s00701-014-2278-3. Epub 2014 Dec 18. PubMed PMID: 25520051.

57: Yang T, Wu L, Yang C, Deng X, Xu Y. Clinical features and long-term outcomes of intraspinal ependymomas in pediatric patients. Childs Nerv Syst. 2014 Dec;30(12):2073-81. doi: 10.1007/s00381-014-2528-y. Epub 2014 Aug 21. PubMed PMID: 25142688.

58: Wang Y, Qian T, You G, Peng X, Chen C, You Y, Yao K, Wu C, Ma J, Sha Z, Wang S, Jiang T. Localizing seizure-susceptible brain regions associated with low-grade gliomas using voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping. Neuro Oncol. 2015 Feb;17(2):282-8. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nou130. Epub 2014 Jul 16. PubMed PMID: 25031032; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4288515.

59: Gong J, Zhang H, Xing S, Li C, Ma Z, Jia G, Hu W. High expression levels of CXCL12 and CXCR4 predict recurrence of adamanti-nomatous craniopharyngiomas in children. Cancer Biomark. 2014;14(4):241-51. doi: 10.3233/CBM-140397. PubMed PMID: 24934367.

60: Zhang L, Chen LH, Wan H, Yang R, Wang Z, Feng J, Yang S, Jones S, Wang S, Zhou W, Zhu H, Killela PJ, Zhang J, Wu Z, Li G, Hao S, Wang Y, Webb JB, Friedman HS, Friedman AH, McLendon RE, He Y, Reitman ZJ, Bigner DD, Yan H. Exome sequencing identifies somatic gain-of-function PPM1D mutations in brainstem gliomas. Nat Genet. 2014 Jul;46(7):726-30. doi: 10.1038/ng.2995. Epub 2014 Jun 1. PubMed PMID: 24880341; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4073211.

61: Li D, Hao SY, Tang J, Xiao XR, Jia GJ, Wu Z, Zhang LW, Zhang JT. Surgical management of pediatric brainstem cavernous malformations. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2014 May;13(5):484-502. doi: 10.3171/2014.2.PEDS13536. Epub 2014 Mar 28. PubMed PMID: 24679081.

62: Wu L, Yang T, Deng X, Yang C, Xu Y. Spinal epidural venous angioma: a case report and review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst. 2014 Sep;30(9):1601-5. doi: 10.1007/s00381-014-2397-4. Epub 2014 Mar 18. Review. PubMed PMID: 24639010.

63: Li D, Hao SY, Tang J, Xiao XR, Jia GJ, Wu Z, Zhang LW, Zhang JT. Clinical course of untreated pediatric brainstem cavernous malformations: hemorrhage risk and functional recovery. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2014 May;13(5):471-83. doi: 10.3171/2014.2.PEDS13487. Epub 2014 Mar 17. PubMed PMID: 24635136.

64: Wu L, Deng X, Yang C, Xu Y. Spinal intradural malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in a child with neurofibromatosis type 2: the first reported case and literature review. Turk Neurosurg. 2014;24(1):135-9. doi: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.8104-13.0. PubMed PMID: 24535811.

65: Sun T, Wan W, Wu Z, Zhang J, Zhang L. Clinical outcomes and natural history of pediatric brainstem tumors: with 33 cases follow-ups. Neurosurg Rev. 2013 Apr;36(2):311-9; discussion 319-20. doi: 10.1007/s10143-012-0428-8. Epub 2012 Nov 9. PubMed PMID: 23138258.

66: Jia W, Ma Z, Liu IY, Zhang Y, Jia G, Wan W. Transcallosal interforniceal approach to pineal region tumors in 150 children. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2011 Jan;7(1):98-103. doi: 10.3171/2010.10.PEDS0976. PubMed PMID: 21194293.

67: Yang MQ, Wang S, Zhao YL, Zhang D, Zhao JZ. [Diagnosis and management of intracranial aneurysm in children]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2010 Apr 20;90(15):1032-4. Chinese. PubMed PMID: 20646521.

68: Zhang YQ, Ma ZY, Wu ZB, Luo SQ, Wang ZC. Radical resection of 202 pediatric craniopharyngiomas with special reference to the surgical approaches and hypothalamic protection. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2008;44(6):435-43. doi: 10.1159/000172965. Epub 2008 Nov 17. PubMed PMID: 19018151.

69: Zhang Y, Zhang JH. Dr Chung-Cheng Wang and Beijing Neurosurgical Institute. Neurol Res. 2008 Jul;30(6):550-1. doi: 10.1179/174313208×284106. PubMed PMID: 18647491.

70: Zhou D, Zhang Y, Liu H, Luo S, Luo L, Dai K. Epidemiology of nervous system tumors in children: a survey of 1,485 cases in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from 2001 to 2005. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2008;44(2):97-103. doi: 10.1159/000113110. Epub 2008 Jan 24. PubMed PMID: 18230922.

71: Wu MC, Luo SQ, Xie J, Ma ZY, Zhang YQ, Jia G. [Supratentorial cavernous angiomas in children]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2006 Feb 7;86(5):329-31. Chinese. PubMed PMID: 16677527.

72: Zhang YQ, Wang CC, Ma ZY. Pediatric craniopharyngiomas: clinicomorphological study of 189 cases. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2002 Feb;36(2):80-4. PubMed PMID: 11893889.