Anterior Sacral Meningocele Etiology

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Secondary to agenesis of a portion of the anterior sacrum from failure of fusion of the sacrum with subsequent herniation of the sacrum meninges into the sacral hollow.

The meningocele may be acquired or congenital; the former is always a consequence of dura ectasia associated with Marfan syndrome, neurofibromatosis, minor trauma to the anterior sacrum, and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, whereas most ASMs are congenital as illustrated by the familial clustering, age distribution, associated congenital disabilities, and part of Currarino triad ¹⁾

a) Congenital:

Sacral bone defect

Proliferation of arachnoid

Connective tissue disorders

b) Degenerative: Ischemic lesion

c) Traumatic: Nerve root avulsion or hemorrhage

d) Iatrogenic: During surgery ²⁾.