Allopurinol

• Allopurinol and blood pressure variability following ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack: a secondary analysis of XILO-FIST
• Cardiovascular Safety Evaluation of Febuxostat and Allopurinol: Findings from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System
• Tophaceous spinal gout in a young man with complete spinal cord injury
• A comprehensive analysis of the hub genes for oxidative stress in ischemic stroke
• Xanthine oxidase inhibition and white matter hyperintensity progression following ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack (XILO-FIST): a multicentre, double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
• Therapeutic effects and mechanisms of N-(9,10-anthraquinone-2-ylcarbonyl) xanthine oxidase inhibitors on hyperuricemia
• Allopurinol attenuates repeated traumatic brain injury in old rats: A preliminary report
• Postinjury Treatment to Mitigate the Effects of Aeromedical Evacuation After Traumatic Brain Injury in a Porcine Model

Allopurinol is a medication commonly used to treat conditions related to elevated levels of uric acid in the body. Here are key points about allopurinol:

Indication: Allopurinol is primarily prescribed to individuals with gout, a type of arthritis caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints. It is also used to prevent gout attacks. Additionally, it may be prescribed for certain other conditions, such as kidney stones and conditions where there is an excess production of uric acid.

Mechanism of Action: Allopurinol works by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase. This enzyme is involved in the conversion of purines into uric acid. By reducing the activity of xanthine oxidase, allopurinol decreases the production of uric acid in the body.

Reduction of Uric Acid: Allopurinol effectively lowers uric acid levels in the blood, which, in turn, reduces the risk of gout attacks and can prevent the formation of uric acid crystals in the joints and kidneys.

Dosing: The dosage of allopurinol is typically determined by a healthcare provider based on the individual's condition and uric acid levels. It is typically taken orally in the form of tablets or capsules.

Maintenance Therapy: Allopurinol is often used as a long-term or maintenance therapy to manage chronic conditions like gout. It may take several weeks or months for the full benefits to be realized.

Side Effects: Like any medication, allopurinol can have side effects. Common side effects include skin rash, gastrointestinal upset, and headache. Severe allergic reactions are rare but possible. It is essential to report any unusual or severe side effects to a healthcare provider.

Drug Interactions: Allopurinol can interact with other medications. It may affect the effectiveness or side effects of certain drugs. Healthcare providers should be informed of all medications being taken when allopurinol is prescribed.

Monitoring: Regular monitoring of uric acid levels and kidney function is often recommended while taking allopurinol to ensure that the medication is effectively managing uric acid and not causing any harm to the kidneys.

Diet and Lifestyle: In addition to medication, lifestyle and dietary changes, such as reducing the consumption of foods high in purines and maintaining a healthy weight, can also help manage gout and hyperuricemia (high uric acid levels).

Long-Term Use: Allopurinol is generally considered safe for long-term use when prescribed and monitored by a healthcare provider. It can significantly improve the quality of life for individuals with chronic gout or other conditions related to high uric acid levels.

Overall, allopurinol is an effective medication for managing gout and conditions associated with elevated uric acid levels. Its use should be supervised by a healthcare provider who can determine the appropriate dosage and monitor its effects on the individual's health.