Novel pain treatment methods such as the use of cannabinoids, stem cells, gene therapy, nanoparticles, monoclonal antibodies, and platelet-rich plasma have played a significant role in improved strategies for therapeutic interventions. Although many management options appear to be promising, extensive additional clinical research is warranted to determine best practice strategies in the future for clinicians 1).
see Pain medication.
see Pain surgery.
Pain treatment after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Pain management following major intracranial surgery is often limited by a presumed lack of need and a concern that opioid analgesics will adversely affect postoperative outcome and interfere with the neurologic examination. Nevertheless, evidence in adults is accumulating that these patients suffer moderate to severe pain, and this pain is often under-treated.
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a structure involved in the affective component, and targeting it may relieve patients' pain.