Table of Contents

Carotid-cavernous fistula classification

Carotid-cavernous fistula are classified into direct and dural types, with direct fistulas typically being high-flow and dural fistulas being low-flow 1)

Carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) have been classified by etiology (traumatic/spontaneous), hemodynamic properties (high/low flow), and angioarchitectural features 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13)

Over the years, numerous classification systems have been applied to CCFs. The simplest classification divides CCFs into direct and indirect fistulae.

see Direct carotid-cavernous fistula (High flow).

see Indirect carotid cavernous fistula (Low flow).

Barrow classification

Barrow classification

Debrun classification

see Debrun classification.

1)
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2)
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13)
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