thermometry [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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Thermometry is the science and practice of temperature measurement. Any measurable change in a thermometric probe (e.g. the dilatation of a liquid in a capillary tube, variation of electrical resistance of a conductor, of refractive index of a transparent material, and so on) can be used to mark temperature levels, that should later be calibrated against an internationally agreed unit if the measure is to be related to other thermodynamic variables (if the measure is only needed to establish an ordering in thermal levels, no calibration is required).
Thermometry is sometimes split in metrological studies in two subfields: contact thermometry and non- contact thermometry. As there can never be complete thermal uniformity at large, thermometry is always associated to a heat transfer problem with some space-time coordinates of measurement, given rise to time-series plots and temperature maps (profiles, if one-dimensional).