Scientist [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Scientist ======

[[Scientist]]s have the responsibility of judging what is best for the [[patient]] and the optimal conditions for the conduct of a [[study]]. All [[physician]]s should ensure that [[research]] they participate in is [[ethical]]ly conducted. Every [[clinician]] should learn and receive [[training]] in the responsible conduct of [[research]] and [[publication]], and each [[project]] must be [[review]]ed by an [[institutional review board]]. 

Scientists are under pressure to publish, particularly in high impact factor [[journal]]s. [[Publication metrics]], such as the number of publications, number of citations, journal impact factor, and h-index are used to measure academic productivity and scientists’ influence

[[Scientific misconduct]] is defined as any practice that deviates from those accepted by the scientific community and ultimately damages the integrity of the research process. "Sloppy Research" and "Scientific Fraud" include activities which can violate science, records and publication. Sloppy research is due to absence of appropriate training in research discipline and methodologies. In contrast, scientific [[fraud]] is defined as deliberate action during application, performance of research, and publication. It includes piracy, plagiarism and fraud. Research institutions should adopt rules and regulations to respond to allegations, start investigational operations and perform appropriate sanctions
((Kansu E, Ruacan S. Research ethics and scientific misconduct in biomedical
research. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2002;83:11-5. PubMed PMID: 12442615.
)).