Nucleus accumbens deep brain stimulation for major depressive disorder [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Nucleus accumbens deep brain stimulation for major depressive disorder ======

{{rss>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rss/search/1hgsEQZ6hYllDh_t1WF-yK9hDaeEgwwoBjiub9qzNVeuQrXQkq/?limit=15&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&fc=20230904090105}}
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 Since [[anhedonia]] is a feature of depression and there is evidence of leading to metabolic disorder, deep brain stimulation (DBS) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) might be promising in modulating the dopaminergic pathway. To determine whether NAc-DBS alters glucose metabolism via mitochondrial alteration and neurogenesis and whether these changes increase neural plasticity that improves behavioral functions in a chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) mouse model. The Lab-designed MR-compatible neural probes were implanted in the bilateral NAc of C57BL/6 mice with and without CSDS, followed by DBS or sham stimulation. All animals underwent open-field and sucrose preference testing, and brain resting-state functional MRI analysis. Meanwhile, we checked the placement of neural probes in each mouse by T2 images. By confirming the placement location, mice with incorrect probe placement (the negative control group) showed no significant therapeutic effects in behavioral performance and functional connectivity (FC) after receiving electrical stimulation and were excluded from further analysis. Western blotting, seahorse metabolic analysis, and electron microscopy were further applied for the investigation of NAc-DBS. We found NAc-DBS restored emotional deficits in CSDS-subjected mice. Concurrent with behavioral amelioration, the CSDS DBS-on group exhibited enhanced FC in the dopaminergic pathway with increased expression of BDNF- and NeuN-positive cells increased dopamine D1 receptor, dopamine D2 receptors, and TH in the medial prefrontal cortex, NAc, ventral hippocampus, ventral tegmental area, and amygdala. Increased pAMPK/total AMPK and PGC-1α levels, functions of oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial biogenesis were also observed after NAc-DBS treatment. Our findings demonstrate that NAc-DBS can promote BDNF expression, which alters FC and metabolic profile in the dopaminergic pathway, suggesting a potential strategy for ameliorating emotional processes in individuals with MDD
((Li SJ, Lo YC, Tseng HY, Lin SH, Kuo CH, Chen TC, Chang CW, Liang YW, Lin YC, Wang CY, Cho TY, Wang MH, Chen CT, Chen YY. Nucleus accumbens deep brain stimulation improves depressive-like behaviors through BDNF-mediated alterations in brain functional connectivity of dopaminergic pathway. Neurobiol Stress. 2023 Aug 22;26:100566. doi: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100566. PMID: 37664874; PMCID: PMC10474237.))
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DBS seems to be a promising technique in resistant [[major depressive disorder]] MDD treatment
((Nauczyciel C, Robic S, Dondaine T, Verin M, Robert G, Drapier D, Naudet F,
Millet B. The nucleus accumbens: a target for deep brain stimulation in resistant
major depressive disorder. J Mol Psychiatry. 2013 Oct 23;1:17. doi:
10.1186/2049-9256-1-17. eCollection 2013. Review. PubMed PMID: 26019865; PubMed
Central PMCID: PMC4445576.
)).
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