🧠 Ventricular Catheter Placement – Complications

• Research Progress of External Ventricular Drainage Catheterization Techniques
• Surgical Nuances in Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Distal Catheter Placement in Pediatric Ventriculoatrial Shunts
• Liver stiffness measurement for non-invasive assessment of central venous pressure in patients with heart failure: A multicentre pilot study
• Preventing What Matters: A Fast and Reliable Technique to Secure External Ventricular Drains and Avoid Dislodgement
• Risk factors for complications in bolt-connected external ventricular drains
• Safety and Efficacy of Stereotactic Cardiac Radio-Ablation for Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients at High Risk of Mortality
• Distal catheter fixation in ventriculoperitoneal shunt by videolaparoscopy - Technical note
• Proximal stent migration during coarctation of aorta stenting

Ventricular catheter misplacement.

• Misplacement / Malposition
  • Catheter tip outside the ventricle (e.g., into brain parenchyma or subarachnoid space).
  • Incorrect trajectory, e.g., not near the foramen of Monro.
• Obstruction / Occlusion
  • Caused by blood clots, choroid plexus, or debris.
• Fracture or Disconnection (especially in VP shunts).
• Catheter Migration or Retraction
• Overdrainage
  • Slit ventricle syndrome.
  • Subdural hematomas.

• Intraparenchymal hemorrhage (along catheter tract).
• Intraventricular hemorrhage.
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
• Epidural or subdural hematomas (rare).

• Meningitis.
• Ventriculitis.
• Shunt infection (common organisms: *Staphylococcus epidermidis*).
• Peritonitis (from infected distal catheter in VP shunts).

• CSF leak at insertion site.
• Pseudomeningocele.
• Tension pneumocephalus (from air introduced during insertion).
• Persistent hydrocephalus (insufficient drainage).

• Seizures (due to hemorrhage or cortical irritation).
• New focal neurological deficits (due to misplacement or edema).