Pain Scales

The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Barrow Neurological Institute Pain Scale (BNI-PS) are 2 of the most frequently employed patient-reported outcome (PRO) tools used by clinicians to rate pain intensity for patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN).

The Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI) was used to assess pain intensity, analyze outcome predictors, and indicate potential mechanisms of motor cortex stimulation.

numeric rating scale (NRS), Oswestry disability index (ODI)…