'Low-income countries (LICs)' are nations classified by the World Bank as having a gross national income (GNI) per capita of $1,135 or less (2024 threshold, revised annually).

These countries often face:

• Limited healthcare infrastructure
• High burden of communicable diseases
• Restricted access to education, clean water, and sanitation
• Significant dependency on international aid and external funding

• Shortages of healthcare workers and specialists
• Inadequate access to essential surgery, maternal health, and vaccination programs
• Fragmented or under-resourced public health systems

LICs are a central focus of:

• Health equity and universal health coverage initiatives
• Global surgery and capacity building programs
• International collaborations for disease control, nutrition, and emergency response

• Middle-Income Countries (MICs)
• High-Income Countries (HICs)
• Global Health
• World Bank Income Classification
• Essential Health Services